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First published online September 19, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 3128-3138 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.018002

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Suction generation in white-spotted bamboo sharks Chiloscyllium plagiosum

Cheryl D. Wilga^1,* and Christopher P. Sanford²

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
² Department of Biology, 114 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA

View larger version (26K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Location of sonometric crystals (black circles) and pressure probes (gray bars, sensor location at dashed end of bars) for (A) gape and hyoid and (B) gape and pharyngeal experiments. (C) Conical frustum model. B, posterior buccal surface area; b, anterior buccal surface area; BY, basihyal; BB, basibranchial; BP, buccal pressure probe; C, ceratohyal; CB, ceratobranchial; CR, cranium; H, hyomandibula; Hd, dorsal buccal length; Hv, ventral buccal length; HB, epibranchial; HP, hyoid pressure probe; L, left; LJ, lower jaw; PP, pharyngeal probe; R, right; UJ, upper jaw. Dotted circle in C represents gape area.

View larger version (7K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Bar plot showing mean onset and peak times with s.e.m. bars in selected area (A) and pressure (P) variables during suction feeding in Chiloscyllium plagiosum. N=4, 10 feeding events per individual. Vertical bar at –20 ms on hyoid area bar indicates the point at which hyoid lateral width begins to decrease.

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Representative plot of buccal and hyoid kinematic and pressure variables during a suction-feeding event in Chiloscyllium plagiosum. Kinematic traces: HD, hyoid depression, blue; HW, hyoid lateral expansion, light blue; LJ, lower jaw depression, pink; UJ, upper jaw protrusion, gray. Pressure traces: BP, buccal pressure, black; HP, hyoid pressure, orange.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Representative plot of hyoid movement relative to a fixed point on the chondrocranium during suction feeding in Chiloscyllium plagiosum. Peak times of selected buccal and hyoid variables are indicated. (A) Basihyal displacement (crystal 7 movement), lateral view as in Fig. 1. (B) Hyoid depression (vertical distance transduced by crystals 1, 4 and 7) and lateral compression (distance between crystals 5 and 6), anterior view.

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Representative plot of buccal and pharyngeal kinematic and pressure variables during a suction-feeding event in Chiloscyllium plagiosum. Kinematic traces: PD, pharyngeal depression, dark green; PW, pharyngeal lateral expansion, light green; LJ, lower jaw depression, gray. Pressure traces: BP, buccal pressure, black; PP, pharyngeal pressure, red.

View larger version (10K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Representative plot of buccal and hyoid variables during a suction-feeding event in Chiloscyllium plagiosum. Kinematic traces: GA, gape area, gray; HA, hyoid area, blue. Pressure traces: BP, buccal pressure, black; HP, hyoid pressure, orange.

View larger version (11K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Representative plot of buccal and pharyngeal variables during a suction-feeding event in Chiloscyllium plagiosum. Kinematic traces: GA, gape area, gray; PA, pharyngeal area, green. Pressure traces: BP, buccal pressure, black; PP, pharyngeal pressure, red.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Regression plots of the variables that contribute the most to the variation in onset and peak pressure in the oropharyngeal cavities. Top plot shows the time of onset of gape pressure [–15.203+(0.689xtime of onset of gape area increase), r2=0.42, P<0.001] and the time of onset of hyoid pressure [–20.278+(0.521xtime of onset of gape area increase), r2=0.27, P=0.020]. Second plot shows peak buccal pressure in kPa [–18.601–(0.439xpeak velocity of hyoid area expansion in mm2 ms–1), r2=0.086, P=0.209], and peak hyoid pressure in kPa [–16.245–(0.354xpeak velocity of hyoid area expansion in mm2 ms–1), r2=0.071, P=0.257]. Note that peak subambient pressure generation is the result of complex interactions of several variables with no one variable standing out (see Tables 4 and 6). Third plot shows the time of onset of pharyngeal pressure [–15.821+(0.725xtime of onset of gape area increase), r2=0.58, P<0.001]. Bottom plot shows peak pharyngeal pressure in kPa [–4.777–(0.595xpeak velocity of pharyngeal area expansion in mm2 ms–1), r2=0.32, P=0.009]. Symbol shape indicates individual sharks; black, gray and white filled symbols indicate gape, hyoid and pharyngeal values, respectively.

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