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First published online September 19, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 3095-3102 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.019059
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Fluid dynamics of feeding behaviour in white-spotted bamboo sharks

Sandra Nauwelaerts1,*, Cheryl D. Wilga1, George V. Lauder2 and Christopher P. Sanford3

1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
2 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
3 Department of Biology, 114 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Schematic of the experimental set-up. The experimental tank was filled with seeded sea water, a 10 W laser was used at 5 W with an optics and mirror system to create a vertical laser sheet, a laterally placed high-speed camera recorded video, and an egg-crate divider ensured an appropriate feeding posture of the shark during experiments. Pieces of squid were presented to the shark using a long blackened skewer.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Fluid velocity area profile showing a representative example of a sequence with a slow fluid-flow phase followed by a fast fluid-flow phase. The vertical line shows the transition from a slow change in area to a phase with more rapidly changing area, as visible from the change in slope of the profile.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Representative sequences of the general fluid field at key moments of the feeding cycle associated with three feeding behaviours in C. plagiosum. (A)Successful strike. (B)Unsuccessful strike. (C)Transport event. Vector magnitude is colour coded between zero (blue) and 1.0m s–1 (red) fluid speed. The maximal areas of the fluid velocity field are similar for successful strikes and transports (note more red) but were significantly smaller for unsuccessful strikes.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Scatter plot of maximal area of the fluid velocity region against initial prey distance for successful strikes (unfilled black circles) and unsuccessful strikes (filled blue circles), together with regression lines (solid lines) and 95% confidence interval (dashed lines). Note the lower maximal area for the same prey distance and the longer mean initial prey distance for unsuccessful compared with successful strikes.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Representative fluid velocity area profiles through time. Successful strikes are shown in white, transports in red and unsuccessful strikes in blue. Note the shorter duration for transports and the smaller maximal area and plateau in maximal area for unsuccessful captures. N=4 for each behaviour for each animal.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Bar chart of the median and standard deviation of the maximal area of fluid velocity region for each individual for three behavioural categories. Successful strikes are shown in white, transports in red and unsuccessful strikes in blue. Asterisks indicate smaller maximal area for unsuccessful captures. N=4 for each behaviour for each animal.

 

Figure 7
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  		Fig. 7. Bar chart of the median and standard deviation of the maximal area of fluid velocity duration for each individual for three behavioural categories. Successful strikes are shown in white, transports in red and unsuccessful strikes in blue. Asterisks indicate the shorter duration of transports.

 

Figure 8
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  		Fig. 8. Polar plot of the x and y components of the accuracy index normalized to total size of the ingested parcel of water. Note that most strikes occur in the upper, far quarter of the parcel.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008