spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


spacer gif
     Home     Help     Feedback     Subscriptions     Archive     Search     Table of Contents    

First published online September 5, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 3020-3027 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.016360
This Article
Right arrow Summary Freely available
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Ghaninia, M.
Right arrow Articles by Ignell, R.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Ghaninia, M.
Right arrow Articles by Ignell, R.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Natural odor ligands for olfactory receptor neurons of the female mosquito Aedes aegypti: use of gas chromatography-linked single sensillum recordings

Majid Ghaninia1,2,*, Mattias Larsson1, Bill S. Hansson1,3 and Rickard Ignell1

1 SLU, Department of Plant Protection Biology, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, DE-07745 Jena, Germany


Figure 1
View larger version (31K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]

  		Fig. 1. (A) The gas chromatography-coupled single sensillum recording (GC–SSR) technique in mosquitoes. For GC, headspace extracts are injected using a microsyringe (1) onto a GC column (2). The column is situated in an oven. As the oven temperature increases, the components of the extract are separated, travel through the column and reach a split (3) from which half of the effluent goes to a flame ionization detector (FID) (4). The other half leaves the column and passes through a transfer line (5) to a glass tube (6) where a continuous humidified–purified airflow (7) blows the separated components of the extract over the mosquito antenna (8). For SSRs, two tungsten electrodes, a ground and a recording electrode (9 and 10), are placed into the eye and at the base of a single sensillum, respectively. Action potentials of the ORNs housed in a sensillum and their responses to the odor components are recorded (11).

 

Figure 2
View larger version (36K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]

  		Fig. 2. (A-D) Schematic drawing of four morphologically distinct antennal trichoid sensilla of Ae. aegypti and (E) the approximate distribution, however, not the exact location, of their various functional types (Ghaninia et al., 2007Go) between the antennal segments. For the scanning electron micrograph of the sensilla, refer to Ghaninia et al. (Ghaninia et al., 2007Go). sst, short sharp-tipped; lst, long sharp-tipped; sbtI, short blunt-tipped I; sbtII, short blunt-tipped II; i, intermediate.

 

Figure 3
View larger version (34K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]

  		Fig. 3. Examples of recordings from receptor neurons showing spontaneous activity and responses of olfactory stimuli. (A) Spontaneous activity of two ORNs co-located in a short blunt type II trichoid sensillum, sbtII-2. (B) Inset showing 0.1 s of the spontaneous activity at higher resolution. Differences in spike amplitudes allow separation of two neurons, i.e. A (larger spikes) and B (smaller spikes). (C) Sensitivity of the neurons to the feet headspace extract was first tested by puffing it over the sensillum. (D) Stimulation of the sbtII-2A cell with 0.1% octanal, identified through GC–MS analyses of the feet headspace extract, elicited an excitatory response. (E) Expanded view of the response to octanal. Horizontal scale bars: 0.5 s odor stimulation. For the blank test we used paraffin oil only.

 

Figure 4
View larger version (35K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]

  		Fig. 4. Coupled GC–SSR from a short blunt type II trichoid (sbtII-2) sensillum, showing responses elicited by two different extracts: feet and trunk. Electrophysiological responses of the `A' neuron (A,B) to octanal and nonanal, obtained from injection of the feet headspace extract. Responses of the same cell to four FID peaks (upper trace in C), obtained from injection of the trunk headspace extract. Mass spectrometry (MS) analyses identified FID peaks as heptanal, octanal, nonanal and geranylacetone. Some of the compounds are shared between different types of extracts. Lower traces in C and D represent continuous monitoring of spike frequency over time.

 

Figure 5
View larger version (81K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]

  		Fig. 5. Dose–response relationships for two physiological ORN types at five different odor concentrations. (A) Responses from sbtII-2A neurons to four different odor stimuli. (B) Responses of i-1A neurons to decanal. A and B show net responses to stimuli, after subtraction of the spontaneous activity. Examples of electrophysiological activity of a sbtII-2A neuron at five doses of octanal (C-G) and nonanal (H-L). Error bars show standard deviation.

 

Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?



© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008