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First published online August 22, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 2889-2898 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.016782
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Metabolic and molecular stress responses of sublittoral bearded horse mussel Modiolus barbatus to warming sea water: implications for vertical zonation

Andreas Anestis1, Hans O. Pörtner2, Antigone Lazou1 and Basile Michaelidis1,*

1 Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
2 Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Ökophysiologie mariner Tiere, Postfach 120161, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Effect of water temperature on the mortality of M. barbatus during 30 days of acclimation to different temperatures.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Levels of Hsp70 (a.u., arbitrary units) in the mantle tissue of submersed M. barbatus during acclimation to different water temperatures. Tissue extracts were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted for Hsp70. Representative immunoblots are shown for each acclimation temperature. Blots were quantified by laser-scanning densitometry. Values are means ± s.e.m.; N=5 preparations from different animals. Hsp72 (inducible isoform), open circles; Hsp73 (constitutive isoform), filled circles. *P<0.05 compared with the control (0 days).

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Levels of Hsp70 in the posterior adductor muscle (PAM) of submersed M. barbatus during acclimation to different water temperatures. Tissue extracts were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted for Hsp70. Representative immunoblots are shown for each acclimation temperature. Blots were quantified by laser-scanning densitometry. Values are means ± s.e.m.; N=5 preparations from different animals. Hsp72 (inducible isoform), open circles; Hsp73 (constitutive isoform), filled circles. *P<0.05 compared with the control (0 days).

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Levels of Hsp90 in the mantle (filled cycles) and posterior adductor muscle (PAM; opened cycles) of submersed M. barbatus during acclimation to different water temperatures. Tissue extracts were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted for Hsp90. Representative immunoblots are shown for each acclimation temperature. Blots were quantified by laser-scanning densitometry. Values are means ± s.e.m.; N=5 preparations from different animals. *P<0.05 compared with the control (0 days).

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Phosphorylation levels of cJun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the mantle tissue (filled cycles) and in the posterior adductor muscle (PAM; opened cycles) of submersed M. barbatus during acclimation to different water temperatures. Tissue extracts were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted for the phosphorylated form of JNKs. Representative immunoblots are shown for each acclimation temperature. Blots were quantified by laser-scanning densitometry. Values are means ± s.e.m.; N=5 preparations from different animals. *P<0.05 compared with the control (0 days).

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Phosphorylation levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the mantle tissue (filled cycles) and in the posterior adductor muscle (PAM; opened cycles) of submersed M. barbatus during acclimation to different water temperatures. Tissue extracts were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted for the phosphorylated form of JNKs. Representative immunoblots are shown for each acclimation temperature. Blots were quantified by laser-scanning densitometry. Values are means ± s.e.m.; N=5 preparations from different animals. *P<0.05 compared with the control (0 days).

 

Figure 7
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  		Fig. 7. Activity of pyruvate kinase (PK) from the mantle and posterior adductor muscle (PAM) of M. barbatus during acclimation to different water temperatures. Activity (µmol min–1 g–1 wet mass) was determined at 2 mmol l–1 (Vmax; open circles) and 0.05 mmol l–1 of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP; Vo; filled circles). Values are means ± s.e.m.; N=10 preparations from different animals.

 

Figure 8
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  		Fig. 8. The Vo/Vmax ratio in the mantle and posterior adductor muscle (PAM) during exposure of M. barbatus to different water temperatures. Values are means ± s.e.m., N=10 preparations from different animals.

 

Figure 9
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  		Fig. 9. Correlation between the vertical zonation of M. galloprovincialis and M. barbatus and the annual patterns of sea water temperatures and the expression of Hsps in the tissues. (*Anestis et al., 2007Go.)

 

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