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First published online August 22, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 2779-2785 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.017756

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Predicting acoustic orientation in complex real-world environments

Natasha Mhatre and Rohini Balakrishnan^*

Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India

View larger version (54K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Cricket phonotaxis in the field with two and four active speakers. (A) Paths of 40 females with a front-facing release orientation, four speakers active. (B) A simulation of 40 phonotactic paths with stimulus conditions identical to A. (C) A simulation of phonotaxis with two active speakers (40 paths, front-facing release orientation). (D) The bootstrapped ranges of frequencies of females reaching each of the speakers with two (i) and four (ii) speakers active and the range predicted by the simulation. The symbols indicate the mean; error bars indicate one and two standard deviations. Path vectors of real and simulated paths are shown as insets in the panels in all figures. Boxes depict speakers with the broadcast SPL indicated within each box. SPLs indicated in parentheses were measured at the release position of the female. The names of the speakers are indicated next to each box depicting the speaker with the distance to the speaker from the release position indicated in parentheses. The mean number (±s.d.) of females reaching a speaker in 20 simulation runs of as many paths as in the real data is indicated near to each speaker. The arrow in the central position in A–C indicates the position and the orientation of the female at release.

View larger version (60K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effect of initial orientation on phonotaxis. (A) Paths taken by 19 females, backward-facing release orientation, four speakers active. (B) Paths taken by 19 females, leftward-facing release orientation, four speakers active. A simulation of 19 paths: (C) backward-facing release orientation, four active speakers, (D) leftward-facing release orientation, four active speakers. The bootstrapped ranges of frequencies of females reaching each of the speakers and the range predicted by the simulation (E) with the backward-facing and (F) leftward-facing release orientation. All other conventions are as in Fig. 1.

View larger version (60K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of initial position on phonotaxis. (A) Paths taken by 20 females with a non-central release position (RP1), four speakers active. (B) Paths taken by 19 females, non-central release position (RP2), four speakers active. (C) A simulation of 20 paths with a non-central release position (RP1), four speakers active. (D) A simulation of 19 paths with non-central release position (RP2), four speakers active. The bootstrapped ranges of frequencies of females reaching each of the speakers and the range predicted by the simulation (E) from RP1 and (F) RP2. All other conventions are as in Fig. 1.

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