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First published online July 14, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 2492-2501 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.015966
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Size- and age-dependent changes in adductor muscle swimming physiology of the scallop Aequipecten opercularis

Eva E. R. Philipp1,*, Maike Schmidt2, Carina Gsottbauer3, Alexandra M. Sänger3 and Doris Abele1

1 Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Department of Biosciences, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
2 Center of Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), D-28334 Bremen, Germany
3 Department of Organismic Biology, Zoology and Functional Anatomy, Vascular and Muscle Research, University Salzburg, Austria


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Transmission electron microscope image of an A. opercularis adductor muscle with visible mitochondria in the middle-right part of the picture.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Respiration of isolated mitochondria of phasic adductor muscle of A. opercularis in state 3 (black circles) and state 4 (grey circles). Each dot represents the mean of 1–3 replicate measurements of a single mitochondrial isolation.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Data of energy charge (white squares), ADP (grey squares) and AMP (black squares) measured in muscle tissue of both the smaller and bigger individuals, in the different experimental groups (N=12–22). Groups with the same letter are significantly different from each other (P<0.05). If more than two groups have the same letter, the group marked with an asterisk is significantly different to all other groups.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Concentration of (A) ATP and (B) adenylate pool in adductor muscle of different experimental groups of smaller (open circles, N=4–10) and bigger (filled circles, N=8–12) individuals. No significant differences between groups were found but overall ATP concentration and adenylate pool of bigger individuals was significantly lower than those of smaller individuals. JMP statistic two-way ANOVA P<0.05 for age and >0.05 for group and age x group effect.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Glycogen concentration in A. opercularis muscle tissue of unstressed animals (group 0) and animals that underwent complete run 1 and run 2 (group 4). White bars: smaller individuals [A0, A4: N=8, 11; shell height 50.97±4.473 mm (mean ± s.d.)]; grey bars: bigger individuals (B0, B4; N=11, 15; shell height 69.30±2.611 mm). Bars with the same letter are significantly different from each other (Student's t-test, P<0.05).

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Total glutathione [2 oxidised (GSSG) + reduced (GSH); A] and reduced glutathione (B) concentration in smaller [A0–A4, open circles; shell height 50.45±4.04 mm (mean ± s.d.)] and bigger [B0–B4. filled circles; shell height 68.18±2.75 mm (mean ± s.d.)] A. opercularis individuals of group 0–4. N=9–17 per group for smaller and N=9–18 per group for bigger individuals. Groups with the same letter (small letters for smaller) are significantly different from each other (P<0.001). If more than two groups have the same letter, the group marked with an asterisk is significantly different to all other groups.

 

Figure 7
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  		Fig. 7. Tissue pH (pHi) in muscle tissue of different A. opercularis experimental groups. A0–A4 smaller individuals [open circles, N=8–16, shell height 50.34±4.085 mm (mean ± s.d.)], B0–B4: bigger individuals [filled circles, N=9–18; shell height 68.84±2.91 mm (mean ± s.d.)]. Groups with the same letter (smaller individuals=small letters, bigger individuals=capital letters) are significantly different from each other (P<0.001). When more than two groups have the same letter, the group marked with an asterisk is significantly different from the other two groups.

 

Figure 8
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  		Fig. 8. Cellular redox potential in muscle tissue of A. opercularis individuals throughout the swimming experiment. A0–A4 smaller individuals [open circles, N=8–17, shell height 50.42±4.185 mm (mean ± s.d.)]; B0–B4: bigger individuals [filled circles, N=9–18, shell height 69.18±2.747 mm (mean ± s.d.)]. Groups with the same letter are significantly different from each other with P<0.05.

 

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