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First published online June 27, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 2296-2302 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.015131
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Diapause in tardigrades: a study of factors involved in encystment

Roberto Guidetti1,*, Deborah Boschini2, Tiziana Altiero2, Roberto Bertolani2 and Lorena Rebecchi2

1 Department of the Museum of Paleobiology and Botanical Garden, Via Università 4, 41100, Modena, Italy
2 Department of Animal Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41100, Modena, Italy


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Response of non-encysted Amphibolus volubilis to different temperatures (6, 14 and 20°C) in relation to the sampling period. The percentage of type 1 cysts, type 2 cysts, animals dead in simplex stage or animals dead without any morphological modification is reported.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Number of days spent by specimens of Amphibolus volubilis in entering simplex stage (A) and producing type 1 (B) or type 2 (C) cysts in relation to temperature (6, 14 and 20°C) and sampling month (April, November).

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. (A) Dynamics of type 1 cysts, type 2 cysts and non-encysted animals in a population of Amphibolus volubilis during two sampling years. Each column reports the mean percentage and standard deviation (s.d.) of each state within the population recorded in the samples. The empty columns indicate the months in which samples were not collected. (B) Dynamics of mean (±s.d.) air temperature recorded between two sampling dates and hours of daylight from March 2003 to March 2005.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Relationships between the dynamics of each state of Amphibolus volubilis and the mean air temperature during the two sampling years. (A) Non-encysted animals; (B) type 1 cysts; (C) type 2 cysts. Lines represent linear curves of adaptation to the total data. N=90.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Relationship between the dynamics of non-encysted animals (A) and type 2 cysts (B) of Amphibolus volubilis and the mean air relative humidity data during the two sampling years. Lines represent linear curves of adaptation to the total data. N=90.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Scheme showing the different states of Amphibolus volubilis in relation to the environmental conditions.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008