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First published online June 27, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 2288-2295 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.013185
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Vocal identity and species recognition in male Australian sea lions, Neophoca cinerea

Jessica Gwilliam1, Isabelle Charrier2,3 and Robert G. Harcourt1,*

1 Marine Mammal Research Group, GSE, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
2 CNRS, UMR 8620, NAMC, Bioacoustics Team, Orsay, F-91405, France
3 Université Paris Sud, Bat. 446, Orsay, F-91405, France


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Barking call of male Australian sea lion displaying parameters measured in acoustical analysis. Top: oscillogram on which duration parameters were measured (Dur and Interval Dur). Middle: spectrogram (FFT: 512 pts; overlap: 100%). Bottom: average energy spectrum on which the first two highest energy peaks, Peak 1 and Peak 2, were measured with their relative amplitude to calculate their ration (RAMP).

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Spectrograms of the different playback series broadcast to males. (A) Barking calls of male Australian sea lion; (B) barking calls of male subantarctic fur seal; (C) pup-attraction call of female Australian sea lion; (D) white noise.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Vocal repertoire of Australian sea lion males: spectrograms of barking calls (top), bleating call (middle) and female-like call (bottom). (Hamming window, FFT: 512 pts, overlap: 93.75%.)

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Male responses to each playback stimulus [white noise, female Australian sea lion (ASL), male subantarctic fur seal (SFS) and male Australian sea lion (ASL)], (A) during the breeding season and (B) out of the breeding season.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008