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First published online June 27, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 2243-2251 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.016147
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The contribution of axial fiber extensibility to the adhesion of viscous capture threads spun by orb-weaving spiders

Brent D. Opell*, Brian J. Markley, Charles D. Hannum and Mary L. Hendricks

Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Capture threads of the five species included in the study, shown at the same magnification.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Capture threads from the web of M. gracilis female number 632 at their native (1x) and stretched (2x and 3x) lengths.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Achieved thread extension for the five species compared to the intended 2.215 and 3.346x extensions. Light shaded bars represent 2x extensions, and dark shaded bars represent 3x extensions.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Relationship between the number of C. turbinata thread droplets contributing to thread stickiness, as measured with contact plates of four widths, and the mean stickiness per thread droplet. This example shows how we compensated for a decrease in the per droplet stickiness due to inadequate thread elongation, which resulted in five additional droplets contributing to a thread's stickiness. Multiplying these five droplets by the slope of the regression line and adding this product to the measured stickiness per droplet corrects for the effects of thread elongation, which was less than intended.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Plot of relative thread elongation (elongation/elongation at rupture) and relative Young's modulus (Young's modulus/Young's modulus at rupture) derived from the stress–strain curve of Araneus diadematus (Köhler and Vollrath, 1995Go).

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Relative Young's modulus values for unstretched and stretched threads derived from the curve shown in Fig. 5.

 

Figure 7
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  		Fig. 7. Adhesive components of the threads of M. gracilis, V. arenata and C. turbinata based on regression models (Table 3) of the positive contributions of droplet volume and the negative contribution of relative Young's modulus to mean stickiness per thread droplet.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008