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First published online June 13, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 2046-2051 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.017608
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Navigational abilities of homing pigeons deprived of olfactory or trigeminally mediated magnetic information when young

Anna Gagliardo1,*, Paolo Ioalè1, Maria Savini1 and Martin Wild2

1 Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Via A. Volta 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, PB92019 Auckland, New Zealand


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Series 1. Pooled data relative to the initial orientation recorded at Bolgheri, Agliana and Marinella. Circular diagrams showing the initial orientation of the pigeons; each symbol on the periphery of each circle identifies the vanishing bearing of one bird. C, intact control pigeons; V1, pigeons subjected to the section of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve; ON, pigeons subjected to the section of the olfactory nerves. The home direction is set at 360°. Arrows inside each circle represent the mean vector of each group, the length and direction of which are reported. The inner lines delimitate the 95% confidence limits.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Series 1. Pooled homing performance from Marinella, Agliana and Bolgheri. Each symbol identifies the performance of one pigeon. C, intact control pigeons; V1, pigeons subjected to the section of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve; ON, pigeons subjected to the section of the olfactory nerves; km h–1, mean homing speed of the birds that homed on the day of the release; 1 day, pigeons that homed on the day after the release; later, pigeons that homed later than the day after the release; lost, pigeons that never returned home. Pigeons that homed together are not included in the diagrams.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Series 2. Initial orientation relative to the releases from Torre a Castello, Il Lupo and Filattiera. See Fig. 1 for further details.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Series 2. Homing performance relative to the releases from Torre a Castello, Il Lupo and Filattiera. See Fig. 2 for further details.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008