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First published online May 2, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 1690-1695 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.017186
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Cutaneous water loss and sphingolipids covalently bound to corneocytes in the stratum corneum of house sparrows Passer domesticus

Yu Gu1,*, Agustí Muñoz-Garcia1,{dagger}, Johnie C. Brown2, Jennifer Ro1 and Joseph B. Williams1

1 Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Aronoff Laboratory, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
2 Applied Biosystems, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, MA 01710, USA


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Carbon density profile using TLC (A) and HPTLC (B) of lipid standards (Ai, Bi) and sphingolipids (Aii, Bii) from the SC of house sparrows. Cerebr, cerebroside; Cer, ceramide; Chol, cholesterol; a.u., arbitrary units.

 

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  		Fig. 2. (A) Molecular spectrum obtained by HPLC-APPI-MS of a representative covalently bound cerebroside. This spectrometric profile might correspond to cerebroside OS, a cerebroside with a terminal hydroxyl group at the omega position of the fatty acid moiety. (B) Interpretation of the molecular structure of the fragments of cerebroside OS 40:0. See text for explanation.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Cutaneous water loss (CWL) of sparrows from Saudi Arabia (open circles) and Ohio (filled circles) as a function of concentrations of (A) covalently bound total lipid (B) covalently bound ceramides (C) covalently bound cerebrosides, and (D) ceramide to cerebroside ratio in the SC as determined by TLC.

 

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  		Fig. 4. Hypothesized models for the organization of the covalently bound sphingolipids in the SC in house sparrows from mesic and desert environments. (A) Water shell model. The hexose group of cerebrosides would sequester water molecules. Desert sparrows, with more cerebrosides, could hold a higher amount of water, therefore reducing rates of CWL. (B) Hexose link model. Hexose molecules from cerebrosides would establish molecular interactions with the sphingosine heads of the ceramides that form the outer layer of the intercellular lamellae. In both models, covalently bound ceramides connect adjacent corneocytes.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008