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First published online December 14, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 114-120 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.012674

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Antioxidative defence alterations in skeletal muscle during prolonged acclimation to cold: role of L-arginine/NO-producing pathway

Vesna Petrovi¹, Biljana Buzadi¹, Aleksandra Kora², Ana Vasilijevi¹, Aleksandra Jankovi¹, Ksenija Miunovi² and Bato Kora^1,*

¹ Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research `Sinia Stankovi', University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
² Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The effect of cold-exposure (4±1°C) duration on copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) activity in the skeletal muscle of untreated, L-arginine-treated and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-treated animals. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared with the control kept at room temperature (22±1°C). #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 compared with the untreated group at the same time of cold acclimation.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Time course of changes in manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity in skeletal muscle of untreated, L-arginine-treated and L-NAME-treated rats during early and late acclimation to cold (4±1°C). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared with the control maintained at room temperature (22±1°C). #P<0.05, ###P<0.001 compared with the untreated group at the same time of cold acclimation.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Time-dependent changes in catalase (CAT) activity in the skeletal muscle of untreated, L-arginine-treated and L-NAME-treated rats during acclimation to cold (4±1°C). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared with the control acclimated to room temperature (22±1°C). #P<0.05, ##P<0.0, ###P<0.001 compared with the untreated group at the same time of cold acclimation.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Time course of changes in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the skeletal muscle of untreated, L-arginine-treated and L-NAME-treated animals during exposure to cold (4±1°C). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared with the control maintained at room temperature (22±1°C). #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 compared with the untreated group at the same time of cold acclimation.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. The effect of short and prolonged cold exposure (4±1°C) on glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the skeletal muscle of untreated, L-arginine-treated and L-NAME-treated rats. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared with the control acclimated to room temperature (22±1°C).

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Changes in glutathione reductase (GR) activity in the skeletal muscle of untreated, L-arginine-treated and L-NAME-treated animals during early and late cold acclimation (4±1°C). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared with the control kept at room temperature (22±1°C).

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Changes in GSH content in the skeletal muscle of untreated, L-arginine-treated and L-NAME-treated rats after different time periods of cold exposure (4±1°C). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared with the control acclimated to room temperature (22±1°C). ##P<0.01; ###P<0.001 compared with the untreated group at the same time of cold acclimation.