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First published online March 16, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 1266-1274 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.002642
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Stable isotope-mass spectrometric determination of semen transfer in malaria mosquitoes

Michelle E. H. Helinski1, Rebecca Hood-Nowotny1, Leo Mayr1 and Bart G. J. Knols1,2,*

1 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Agency's Laboratories Seibersdorf, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
2 Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Center, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. {delta}13C{per thousand} values (mean ± s.e.m.) of inseminated spermathecae from experiment 1. The adult labelling treatments were: U–U, no label; U–L, adult labelling only; L–U, larval labelling only; and L–L, larval and adult labelling. N, number of samples analysed. The dotted line indicates the threshold value of 2 s.d. above mean {delta}13C{per thousand} of virgin females. Virgin (V) and standard (St) samples are included. Values excluded from analyses are: 9.97 (L–L), –12.51 (V) and, –13.29, –18.20 (St). Dissection treatments: I, females dissected immediately after mating; II, females isolated and dissected 3 days after mating. Values with different letters are significantly different at P<0.05 for I (lower case), or II (upper case).

 

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  		Fig. 2. {delta}13C{per thousand} values (mean ± s.e.m.) of inseminated (open triangles) and uninseminated (bold line) spermathecae from experiment 2. For labelling treatments see Fig. 1. The mating and dissection history of each treatment is illustrated in the lower part of the graph. Duration of mating if longer than 1 night is indicated by arrows; Female symbol with a pin indicates spermathecae dissection. Subdivisions A–C refer to different batches of males (see text). N, number of samples analysed for inseminated (+) and uninseminated (–) spermathecae. Dotted line indicates the threshold value of 3 s.d. above mean {delta}13C{per thousand} of virgin females. Virgin (V) and standard (St) samples are included. Virgins are uninseminated females from treatment U–U. Value excluded from analyses: –13.02 (A,L–U). Values with different letters are significantly different at P<0.05 for I (lower case), or II (upper case) in A. Planned contrasts (P<0.05) in B were made between the three values, and in C between the four values. Asterisks indicate significant difference between positive and negative spermathecae at *P<0.05 and **P<0.01.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2007