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First published online January 17, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 512-521 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02659
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Thermogenesis, food intake and serum leptin in cold-exposed lactating Brandt's voles Lasiopodomys brandtii

Xue-Ying Zhang1,2 and De-Hua Wang1,*

1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 25 Beisihuan Xilu, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China
2 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Changes of body mass during the course of lactation and cold-exposure. Values are means ± s.e.m. (N=8). The lactating voles had higher body mass compared to non-reproductive (NR) voles, and body mass decreased significantly during the 15-day lactation compared to the NR voles, which had constant body mass throughout. Cold exposure did not influence body mass in either the NR or lactating voles. NW, non-reproductive voles in the warm; NC, non-reproductive voles in the cold; LW, lactating voles in the warm; LC, lactating voles in the cold.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Changes of litter mass gain during the course of 15-day lactation exposed to 23°C and 5°C. Values are means ± s.e.m. (N=8). The litter in the cold decreased mass gain from days 12 to 15, compared to that in the warm, which showed a relative constant mass gain. Different letters (a or b) above hatched bars indicate significant differences (P<0.05) in measurements within the warm group during the course of acclimation, and different letters (A, B, C) above solid bars indicate significant differences (P<0.05) within the cold-exposed group. ***P<0.001.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Changes of resting metabolic rate (RMR) across non-reproductive (NR) and lactating females exposed to 23°C (warm) and 5°C (cold). Values are means ± s.e.m. (N=8). Values that share different superscripts are significantly different at P<0.05. RMR increased significantly in response to cold exposure and lactation.

 

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  		Fig. 4. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) content (RU) across non-reproductive (NR) and lactating females exposed to 23°C (warm) and 5°C (cold). Means with the different letters within the four groups are significantly different at P<0.05. (A) Cold exposure increased UCP1 content both in the non-reproductive and lactating voles, although the lactating voles decreased UCP1 content by 31.3% in the warm. (B) Western blotting detection of UCP1 content for the non-reproductive or lactating Brandt's voles in the warm or in the cold. The blots from the left to right matched those in A.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Serum leptin levels across non-reproductive (NR) and lactating females exposed to 23°C (warm) and 5°C (cold). Values are means ± s.e.m. (N=8). Values that share different letters are significantly different at P<0.05. Serum leptin levels decreased significantly in the lactating voles, while cold exposure decreased serum leptin levels only in the non-reproductive voles, but did not in the lactating voles.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Correlations of residual serum leptin with (A) residual gross energy intake (r2=0.598, F1,30=44.7, P<0.001), (B) residual resting metabolic rate (RMR) (r2=0.384, F1,30=18.7, P=0.001) and (C) uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) content (positive only in the warm: r2=0.543, F1,14=16.6, P=0.001; but not in the cold: r2=0.075, F1,14=0.299, P>0.05) in non-reproductive (NR) and lactating females exposed to 23°C (warm) and 5°C (cold).

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2007