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First published online November 30, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 4457-4464 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.007435

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Aerial hawking and landing: approach behaviour in Natterer's bats, Myotis nattereri (Kuhl 1818)

Mariana L. Melcón^*, Annette Denzinger and Hans-Ulrich Schnitzler

Tierphysiologie, Zoologisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen 72076, Germany

View larger version (9K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Side (A,B) and top view (C,D) of the trajectories of one bat while performing the landing (A,C) and the catching task (B,D). Filled and open boxes on the x-axis represent the distance class corresponding to the beginning of the approach phase in all bats.

View larger version (3K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Flight speed of the bats while approaching the landing platform (open circles) and the moving mealworm (filled circles). Values are means ± s.e.m. Filled and open boxes on the x-axis indicate the beginning of the approach phase.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Pulse duration and pulse interval against distance to target shown for typical single trials (A,B) and as mean ± s.e.m. values (C,D). Open circles represent the landing task, filled circles the catching task. Filled and open boxes on the x-axis indicate the beginning of the approach phase.

View larger version (8K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. (A) Starting (SF), best (BF) and terminal frequency (TF) against distance. (B) Emission SPL 10 cm in front of the bat. Values are means ± s.e.m. Emission SPL values are represented as a function of the distance to the target. Grey lines represent the expected decrease for a reduction of 6 dB per halving of the distance. Filled and open boxes boxes on the x-axis indicate the beginning of the approach phase. Open symbols, landing task; filled symbols, catching task.

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Sonagrams of a typical landing sequence with a buzz II (A) and without a buzz II (B), and a catch with buzz II (C). The arrow indicates the contact of the bat with the landing platform or mealworm. `I' indicates the beginning of the initial part and `T' the onset of the terminal part of the approach phase.

View larger version (30K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Pulse interval against distance for all calls of the initial part and buzz I for the landing (open circles; A,C) and the catching task (filled circles; B,D). The black line represents the two-way travel time. Filled and open boxes on the x-axis indicate the beginning of the approach phase. B and D show a close-up of the signals during the last m travelled before contact.