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First published online November 30, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 4335-4344 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.009944
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Structure, ratios and patterns of release in the sex pheromone of an aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea

Alex Stewart-Jones1,*, Sarah Y. Dewhirst2, Lisa Durrant1, Jean D. Fitzgerald3, Jim Hardie4, Antony M. Hooper2, John A. Pickett2 and Guy M. Poppy1

1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 7PX, UK
2 BCH Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
3 East Malling Research, New Road, East Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
4 Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Chemical structures. 1, (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol; 2, (1S,4aR,7R,7aS)-nepetalactol; 3, (1S,4aR,7S,7aS)-nepetalactol; 4, (1R,4aR,7S,7aS)-nepetalactol; 5, (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone; 6, (4aR,7R,7aS)-nepetalactone.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Photograph of the sampling device with 12 sampling tubes fitted to the side arms of the glass distribution chamber. Teflon tubing (6 mm) entering at the top of the glass chamber leads to the glass aeration chamber containing the oviparae.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. 1H NMR spectrum showing H-1 and H-3 resonances: (A) Mosher's ester of (1S,4aR,7R,7aS)-nepetalactol, (B) Mosher's ester of (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol and (C) derivatised air entrainment sample from Dysaphis plantaginea. The oviparae-produced compound is identical to the Mosher's ester of (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol (B).

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Mean quantity of pheromone [sum of (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone and (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol] released per ovipara over 20 consecutive scoto- and photophases. Samples were taken hourly and were started at the onset of scotophase on the second day of the adult stadium.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Mean total quantity of pheromone released per ovipara in either the whole 24 h period, the scotophase or the photophase. Sampling from adult ages 2–21 days.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. (A) Component ratios sampled at hourly intervals. (B) Mean daily ratios for scoto- and photophases. Oviparae sampled were 2–21 days into adult stadium.

 

Figure 7
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  		Fig. 7. Behavioural observations of the oviparae under air entrainment. Hourly counts of the number of individuals that were displaying calling behaviours on three different days (adult ages 14, 18 and 21 days).

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2007