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First published online November 19, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 4179-4197 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.006163
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Relationships among running performance, aerobic physiology and organ mass in male Mongolian gerbils

Mark A. Chappell*, Theodore Garland, Jr, Geoff F. Robertson and Wendy Saltzman

Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Aerobic performance in relation to body mass in Mongolian gerbils. The upper and lower limits to oxygen consumption are shown (filled triangles; basal metabolic rate, BMR over 10 min, and filled circles; maximal oxygen consumption during forced exercise, Formula 1O2max over 1 min, respectively), along with two measures of aerobic performance during voluntary activity: average daily metabolic rate (open squares; ADMR, the 24-h average of oxygen consumption) and the highest 1 min average of voluntarily attained Formula 1O2 (open circles; Formula 1O2max1).

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Distributions of voluntary running behavior in 40 Mongolian gerbils, each measured over ~23.5 h. Data are 1-min averages separated by 3-min gaps (to avoid autocorrelation; see text). (A) Frequency distribution of time spent running at various speeds. (B) Distance traveled at various speeds. The bin size is 0.1 km h–1 for both.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Effect of averaging interval on maximal values of running speed (A) and oxygen consumption (B) in 40 Mongolian gerbils during voluntary wheel running. Broken lines indicate regressions of 2- (open circles) and 5-min averages (filled circles) against 1-min averages (regressions were forced through the origin). Slopes are fractions of 1-min values; for example, a slope of 0.834 indicates 83.4% of the 1-min value. The solid line shows a slope of 1.0 (equivalent x and y values).

 

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  		Fig. 4. Forced and voluntary running energetics in Mongolian gerbils (pooled data from 40 individuals). The open circles and broken regression line show values from forced treadmill exercise, with each point representing one individual at one speed. The solid circles and solid regression line show values from voluntary exercise. Regression coefficients and r2 values are shown as averages of individual means (bottom) and from pooled data (top). Points from voluntary exercise are 1 min averages separated by 3 min intervals to avoid autocorrelation (see text). For comparison, the maximum power output in forced exercise (i.e. Formula 1O2max) is about 196 kJ kg–1 h–1.

 

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  		Fig. 5. Distributions of P values in relation to the {pi}0 statistic [the overall proportion of true null hypotheses (Storey and Tibshirani, 2003Go; Storey, 2003Go)] for the correlations in Tables 3, 4, 5. The bin size is.05; {pi}0 is shown as broken lines. A random set of P-values would produce a flat histogram with all bins showing a relative frequency close to 1.0; the presence of non-null hypotheses (i.e. significant tests after accounting for Type 1 errors) is indicated by high relative frequencies in the left-most bin. Values of {pi}0 were computed with the R program `Qvalue'.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2007