First published online September 14, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 3422-3429 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.005744
Efficiency of labriform swimming in the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)
Emily A. Jones,
Kaitlyn S. Lucey and
David J. Ellerby*
Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central
Street, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA

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Fig. 1. Pectoral fin beat frequency in relation to swimming speed (closed circles).
Red circle, mean fin beat frequency and speed achieved during labriform
swimming. N=7, mean ± s.e.m.
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Fig. 2. Mechanical performance of a bluegill sunfish abductor superficialis muscle
fascicle in vivo. (A) Fascicle stress production during an applied
sinusoidal length change. The broken trace shows fascicle length, and the
unbroken line fascicle stress. The bold line shows the timing of the applied
stimulus. (B) Work loop obtained from the data in A by plotting fascicle
stress against fascicle length. The area enclosed by the loop indicates the
net work done by the fascicle. Stresses are shown relative to maximal
isometric tetanic stress, P0, and strains relative to
L0, the length at which maximum isometric tetanic stress
was measured.
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Fig. 3. Changes in dissolved oxygen content within the flume created by a 150 g
bluegill sunfish at rest (closed circles), and swimming at 1.2 fish lengths
s–1 (open triangles). The grey bar represents a period when
measurements were suspended to allow flushing of the flume chamber with
oxygen-saturated water.
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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2007