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First published online August 17, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 2990-2998 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.006312

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Preferences based on spectral differences in acoustic signals in four species of treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae)

H. Carl Gerhardt^1,*, Carlos C. Martínez-Rivera¹, Joshua J. Schwartz², Vincent T. Marshall³ and Christopher G. Murphy⁴

¹ Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
² Department of Biology and Health Sciences, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY 10570, USA
³ Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
⁴ Department of Biology, James Madison University, MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA

View larger version (6K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Proportions of females choosing bimodal over unimodal alternatives. Numbers above symbols show the sample size (number of females responding). Circles, alternative to bimodal stimulus had only the high-frequency peak; squares, alternative to bimodal stimulus had only the low-frequency peak. SPLs equalized at 85 dB SPL except for tests of H. avivoca; the bimodal stimulus was 86 dB SPL and the single-peaked calls, 83 dB SPL (see the text for the rationale). Error bars are 95% credible intervals; if there is a single error bar, there was a significant (P<0.05) preference in a two-tailed binomial test. *Previously published data re-plotted (Gerhardt, 2005b); see text. NW, northwestern mtDNA lineage; E, eastern mtDNA lineage as defined by Ptacek et al. (Ptacek et al., 1994).

View larger version (6K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Proportions of females choosing unimodal high-frequency calls over unimodal low-frequency calls at 85 dB SPL. NW, northwestern mtDNA lineage; SW, southwestern mtDNA lineage; E, eastern mtDNA lineage as defined by Ptacek et al. (Ptacek et al., 1994); NC, North Carolina; MO, Missouri. *The P-value of a two-tailed binomial test was 0.0495, even though the upper 95% credible limit was 52.2%, almost the same as that for the non-significant (P>0.05) result for tests of females from MO.

View larger version (6K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Proportions of females of H. versicolor (NW mtDNA lineage) and H. chrysoscelis from Missouri choosing unimodal high-frequency calls over unimodal low-frequency calls at different playback levels.