spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


spacer gif
     Home     Help     Feedback     Subscriptions     Archive     Search     Table of Contents    

First published online August 9, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 2905-2911 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.003905
This Article
Right arrow Summary Freely available
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Wright, P. A.
Right arrow Articles by Bernier, N. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Wright, P. A.
Right arrow Articles by Bernier, N. J.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Induction of four glutamine synthetase genes in brain of rainbow trout in response to elevated environmental ammonia

P. A. Wright*, S. L. Steele, A. Huitema and N. J. Bernier

Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada


Figure 1
View larger version (14K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]

  		Fig. 1. Ammonia concentration in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss brain regions (fore-, mid- and hindbrain), liver and plasma in fish exposed for 9 or 48 h to control water (9 h control, black bars; 48 h control, shaded hatched bars) or 670 µmol l-1 NH4Cl (9 h ammonia, open bars; 48 h ammonia, open hatched bars). An asterisk indicates significant differences between control and NH4Cl-exposed fish at a given sampling time. For clarity, statistical comparisons between ammonia concentrations in control fish were omitted from the figure and are presented in the Results. Values are means ± s.e.m. (N=8-12).

 

Figure 2
View larger version (14K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]

  		Fig. 2. Glutamine synthetase (GSase) activity measured by the transferase assay in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss brain regions (fore-, mid- and hindbrain) and liver in fish exposed for 9 or 48 h to control water (9 h control, black bars; 48 h control, shaded hatched bars) and 670 µmol l-1 NH4Cl (9 h ammonia, open bar; 48 h ammonia, open hatched bars). An asterisk indicates significant differences between control and NH4Cl-exposed fish at a given sampling time. For clarity, statistical comparisons between GSase activities in control fish were omitted from the figure and are presented in the Results. Values are means ± s.e.m. (N=8-16).

 

Figure 3
View larger version (19K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]

  		Fig. 3. Changes in mRNA levels of glutamine synthetase (GSase) genes (Onmy-GS01, -GS02, -GS03, -GS04) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss brain regions relative to the expression of a control gene, ß-actin. FB, forebrain; MB, midbrain; HB, hindbrain; Li, liver. Fish were exposed for 9 h (A) or 48 h (B) to either control water or 670 µmol l-1 NH4Cl. An asterisk indicates significant differences between control and NH4Cl-exposed fish. Values are means ± s.e.m. (N=6).

 

Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?



© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2007