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First published online August 9, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 2866-2872 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.003749

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Relationship between food availability, glycerol and glycogen levels in low-temperature challenged rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax

William R. Driedzic^* and Connie E. Short

Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) Temperature profiles. Water temperature was decreased by cooling, beginning on 15 January 2004, and fish were either starved (filled circles) or fed (open circles). Control fish (squares) were maintained under ambient water temperature conditions (2004) and fed. Filled inverted triangles indicate sampling dates. (B) Cumulative mortalities for fed and starved rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax subjected to a controlled decrease in water temperature. The date at which the temperature decrease was initiated (i.e. 15 January 2004) is used as day 0. Initial population size was 130 for both groups.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Glycogen levels in rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax. (A) Glycogen levels in various tissues of fish maintained at 8°C and sampled on 15 January 2004, immediately prior to the temperature decrease. Note the break in axis that separates liver from other tissues. Values are means ± s.e.m., N=4. Different letters over bars indicate a statistically significant difference between tissues. (B) Glycogen levels in liver of fish subjected to a controlled decrease in water temperature with either feeding (open circles) or food deprivation (filled circles). The date at which the temperature decrease was initiated (i.e. 15 January 2004) is used as day 0. Filled square, liver glycogen content in fish maintained at ambient temperature. Values are means ± s.e.m., N=4. Different letters indicate a statistically significant difference between time points for the fed group. Water temperature (°C) is shown in parentheses.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Plasma glycerol levels in rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax. The date at which a controlled temperature decrease was initiated (i.e. 15 January 2004) is used as day 0. Water temperature (°C) is shown in parentheses. Values are means ± s.e.m., N=5 or 6 for all points. (A) Open circles, fish subjected to a controlled decrease in water temperature; filled squares, fish maintained at natural ambient temperature; filled triangles, fish maintained at elevated temperature. All fish were fed. (B) Fish subjected to a controlled decrease in water temperature without feeding.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Glycerol levels in tissues of rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax subjected to a controlled decrease in water temperature. The date at which a controlled temperature decrease was initiated (i.e. 15 January 2004) was used as day 0. Water temperature (°C) on each sampling day is shown on bottom panel in parentheses. Values are means ± s.e.m., N=4 for all time points.

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Ratio of [Glycerol] in tissue (µmol ml–1 tissue water)/plasma (µmol ml–1 plasma) in rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax subjected to a controlled decrease in water temperature. The date at which a controlled temperature decrease was initiated (i.e. 15 January 2004) was used as day 0. The broken line represents equal values for glycerol in tissue water and plasma. Asterisks indicate values significantly different from 1.0. Water temperature (°C) on each sampling day is shown on bottom panel in parentheses. Values are means ± s.e.m., N=4 for all points.