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First published online December 14, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 91-96 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02627
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Chemical versus mechanical bioerosion of coral reefs by boring sponges - lessons from Pione cf. vastifica

A. Zundelevich1,*, B. Lazar2 and M. Ilan1,{dagger}

1 Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
2 Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Pione cf. vastifica spicules and erosion scars. (A) All three types of spicules. The longest one is a tylostyle. (B) An acantho microxea. (C) An acantho microrhabd. (D) Wall of sponge excavation in coral, covered with erosion scars. (E) A few erosion scars of different shapes. Of note are the projections in the center of some of them, where no substrate dissolution occurred. (F) A single erosion scar with a small projection in the middle. Signs of penetration beneath the projection are evident in its perimeter (arrowheads). Arrow indicates the area assumed to have been chemically removed.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Abundance of Pione cf. vastifica at different depths (mean ± s.d.). a, b and c show statistically different groups (ANOVA and LSD a-posteriori test; P<0.001).

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Surface area of individual Pione cf. vastifica at different depths (mean + s.d.).

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Chemical boring rate of Pione cf. vastifica in different months (mean + s.d.), (ANOVA, P<0.05).

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Pione cf. vastifica chemical boring rate during the day and at night (mean + s.d.).

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Pione cf. vastifica rates of chemical boring versus mechanical boring by individual sponges (mean ± s.d.).

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2007