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First published online April 18, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 1757-1764 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02189

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Spectral selectivity during phonotaxis: a comparative study in Neoconocephalus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Joshua A. Deily^* and Johannes Schul

Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) Averaged spectra of male calls of N. robustus (solid line, N=10), N. nebrascensis (dotted line, N=10) and N. bivocatus (broken line, N=8) at 25°C. Adapted from Schul and Patterson (Schul and Patterson, 2003). (B) Pulse patterns of the conspecific call models used for N. robustus and N. nebrascensis (top trace), and N. bivocatus (bottom trace).

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Importance of call carrier frequency for female phonotaxis of N. robustus (circles), N. nebrascensis (squares) and N. bivocatus (triangles). Each point represents the mean phonotaxis score (± s.e.m.) of seven or eight females. Phonotaxis scores were normalized relative to the phonotaxis score at the conspecific carrier frequencies (7 kHz for N. robustus, 10 kHz for N. nebrascensis and N. bivocatus; arrows). All responses above 0.5 (dotted line) were significant (see Materials and methods) except for N. bivocatus at 40 kHz. All stimuli were presented at 80 dB SPL.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Importance of call carrier frequency for female phonotaxis at stimulus amplitudes of 68 dB SPL (triangles) and 80 dB SPL (circles) in (A) N. robustus, (B) N. nebrascensis and (C) N. bivocatus. Each point represents the mean phonotaxis score (± s.e.m.) of 7 or 8 females. Phonotaxis scores were normalized relative to the phonotaxis score at the conspecific carrier frequencies (7 kHz for N. robustus, 10 kHz for N. nebrascensis and N. bivocatus). All responses above 0.5 (dotted line) were significant (see Materials and methods) except for N. bivocatus at 40 kHz/80 dB SPL.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effects of adding a high frequency (HF) component to call models on female phonotaxis of (A) N. robustus, (B) N. nebrascensis and (C) N. bivocatus. Each point represents the mean phonotaxis score (± s.e.m.) of 7 or 8 females. Phonotaxis scores were normalized relative to the phonotaxis score to the conspecific call model (control), which consisted of only the conspecific carrier frequency (LF; 7 kHz in N. robustus, 10 kHz in N. nebrascensis and N. bivocatus). HF components were added at amplitudes of 0 dB to +18 dB relative to the amplitude of the LF component. All responses above 0.5 (dotted line) were significant (for further details see Materials and methods).

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Responses of female N. robustus to stimuli with the temporal pattern and carrier frequency of calls of N. robustus (7 kHz) or N. bivocatus (10 kHz). Bar height indicates the mean phonotaxis score (± s.e.m.) of 8 females. Stimulus amplitude: 80 dB SPL. All responses above 0.5 (dotted line) were significant (see Materials and methods).