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First published online March 2, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 1016-1023 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02086

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Glycerol production in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) may be triggered by low temperature alone and is associated with the activation of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphatase

William R. Driedzic^1,*, Kathy A. Clow¹, Connie E. Short¹ and K. Vanya Ewart²

¹ Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5S7
² NRC institute for Marine Biosciences, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3Z1

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Plasma glycerol levels in rainbow smelt subjected to a controlled decrease in temperature during three separate experiments: (A) March 2002; (B) December 2002; (C) March 2003. Days following the temperature transition are shown in parentheses. Values are means ± s.e.m. In March 2002 and December 2002 experiments N=6 at each temperature with the exception of December 2002, –0.5°C where N=12. In the March 2003 experiment N=12 for all points except temperatures of 1.5°C where N=10 and 0°C where N=11. Different letters indicate significant differences between two temperatures.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Glycerol, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P), inorganic phosphate (Pi), pyruvate, lactate and glucose levels in liver of rainbow smelt subjected to a controlled decrease in temperature. Values are means ± s.e.m., N=6 at each point with the exception of –0.5°C where N=12. Different letters indicate significant differences between values. Transition time and plasma glycerol levels for this experiment are presented in Fig. 1B.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Mass action ratios in liver of rainbow smelt subjected to a controlled decrease in temperature: (A) across glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; (B) across glycerol 3-phosphatase. Values are means ± s.e.m., N=6 at each point with the exception of –0.5°C, where N=12. Different letters indicate significant differences between values. Transition time and plasma glycerol levels for this experiment are presented in Fig. 1B.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Activities of enzymes in liver of rainbow smelt subjected to a controlled decrease in temperature: (A) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH); (B) glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH); (C) alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT). Values are means ± s.e.m., N=6 at each point with the exception of 1.5°C, where N=5, and –1°C, where N=11. Different letters indicate significant differences between values. Transition time and plasma glycerol levels for this experiment are presented in Fig. 1C.