spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


spacer gif
     Home     Help     Feedback     Subscriptions     Archive     Search     Table of Contents    

First published online February 15, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 801-809 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02068
This Article
Right arrow Summary Freely available
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Buttino, I.
Right arrow Articles by Miralto, A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Buttino, I.
Right arrow Articles by Miralto, A.

Giant liposomes as delivery system for ecophysiological studies in copepods

Isabella Buttino1,*, Giuseppe De Rosa2, Ylenia Carotenuto1, Adrianna Ianora1, Angelo Fontana3, Fabiana Quaglia2, Maria Immacolata La Rotonda2 and Antonio Miralto1

1 Stazione Zoologica `Anton Dohrn' Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
2 Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
3 Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy


Figure 1
View larger version (16K):

[in a new window]
  		Fig. 1. Size distribution of liposomes soon after preparation and after 2 weeks of storage at 4°C.

 

Figure 2
View larger version (46K):

[in a new window]
  		Fig. 2. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of FitcDx-encapsulating liposomes (LIPOF) in fluorescence (A) and in transmitted (B) mode; (C) merged image of A and B. Lipidic membranes are digitally coloured in blue. Bar, 13.0 µm.

 

Figure 3
View larger version (172K):

[in a new window]
  		Fig. 3. Section of a liposome suspension observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM; x17 000).

 

Figure 4
View larger version (71K):

[in a new window]
  		Fig. 4. Temora stylifera female copepods. (A,C,E,G) Reconstructed three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy images obtained using both the 488 and 543 nm {lambda} lasers to excite fluorescein and chlorophyll, respectively. (B,D,F,H) The same copepods as in A,C,E,G, seen in transmitted light. (A,B) A starved female (time=0). In A the chitinous wall is autofluorescent, the yellow colour is the result of superimposition of green and red fluorescence. (C,D) A female fed the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum for 48 h. In C the red fluorescence inside the gut is due to chlorophyll emission. (E,F) A female fed FitcDx-encapsulating liposomes (LIPOF) for 48 h. In E the green fluorescence inside the gut is due to the emission of FitcDx. (G,H) Fluorescent 3-D image of a female fed a mixed diet of LIPOF and P. minimum for 24 h. In G the green fluorescence in the gut does not overlap with the red fluorescence of chlorophyll. Bar, 0.2 mm.

 

Figure 5
View larger version (124K):

[in a new window]
  		Fig. 5. Faecal pellets of Temora stylifera male and female copepods. Reconstructed three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy images obtained using both 488 and 543 nm {lambda} lasers to excite fluorescein and chlorophyll, respectively (A,C,E) and observed in transmitted light (B,D,F). (A,B) Faecal pellets produced by copepods fed the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum for 24 h. (A) The red fluorescence is due to chlorophyll. Bar, 61.4 µm. (B) The faecal pellets can be seen to contain mainly Prorocentrum minimum cell walls. (C,D) Faecal pellets produced by copepods fed FitcDx-encapsulating liposomes (LIPOF) for 24 h. The green fluorescence in C is due to FitcDx. Bar, 80.0 µm. (E) Faecal pellets produced by copepods fed a mixed diet of LIPOF and P. minimum for 48 h. In E the green spots are due to FitcDx and the red spots are due to chlorophyll. Bar, 76.5 µm.

 

Figure 6
View larger version (15K):

[in a new window]
  		Fig. 6. Temora stylifera. Effect of different diets, Prorocentrum minimum (PRO), FitcDx-encapsulating liposomes (LIPOF) and both (PRO+LIPOF), on egg production rate (A), percentage egg viability (B) and faecal pellet production (C).

 




© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2006