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First published online January 19, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 484-492 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02002
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Exposure to brackish water, upon feeding, leads to enhanced conservation of nitrogen and increased urea synthesis and retention in the Asian freshwater stingray Himantura signifer

Shit F. Chew1,*, Nirmala K. Poothodiyil1, Wai P. Wong2 and Yuen K. Ip2

1 Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore
2 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Daily food consumption (g g-1 fish) of Himantura signifer during 10 days of exposure to 1{per thousand} water (control; open bars), or 10 days of exposure to a progressive increase in salinity from 1{per thousand} to 15{per thousand} (filled bars): 1{per thousand} (days 1, 2) to 5{per thousand} (days 3, 4) to 10{per thousand} (days 5, 6) to 13{per thousand} (days 7, 8) to 15{per thousand} (days 9, 10). Values are means ± s.e.m. (N=5 for control group; N=5 for experimental group).

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Daily excretion rates (µmol day-1 g-1) of ammonia (A) and urea (B) in Himantura signifer during 10 days of exposure to 1{per thousand} water (control; open bars), or 10 days of exposure to a progressive increase in salinity from 1{per thousand} to 15{per thousand} (filled bars): 1{per thousand} (days 1, 2) to 5{per thousand} (days 3, 4) to 10{per thousand} (days 5, 6) to 13{per thousand} (days 7, 8) to 15{per thousand} (days 9, 10). Values are means ± s.e.m. (N=5 for control group; N=5 for experimental group). *Significantly different from corresponding control value; asignificantly different from the corresponding day 1 value; bsignificantly different from the corresponding days 1, 2 and 3 values; csignificantly different from the corresponding days 1, 2, 3 and 4 values.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Rates (µmol 12 h-1 g-1) of ammonia (A) and urea (B) excretion in Himantura signifer at 12-h intervals during a period of 36 h post-feeding. Open bars represent fish kept in 1{per thousand} water (control; N=5). Filled bars represent fish kept in 15{per thousand} water (N=5). Values are means ± s.e.m. *Significantly different from the corresponding control value.

 




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