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First published online November 17, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 4802-4808 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02574
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Lack of generalization of object discrimination between spatial contexts by a bat

Kai Petra Stich1,* and York Winter1,2,*,{dagger}

1 Max-Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
2 Department of Biology, University of Munich, Germany


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Feeders with their echoacoustic stimuli. (A) perforated hollow sphere (S+, rewarding positive stimulus) and (B) three-sided corner reflector or `triple mirror' (S-, non-rewarding negative stimulus).

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Choice performance during experimental phase II at the two spatially and temporally separated sets of 2-AFC feeders. Individual trials strictly alternated between `cage' and `room'. Values are means ± s.e.m. (N=9). Data are based on 66323 decisions (room 22767, cage 43556). Trials were conducted over 3 or 4 days. All individuals completed 10 trials in both cage and room but only 3 completed 20 trials. Individual trials averaged 155 decisions at the room feeder pair and 324 in the cage.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Number of decisions until a performance of 70% correct choices was reached. Single circles correspond to individual bats. Black symbols: animals without prior experience from an earlier experiment; open symbols: animals with prior experience in 2-AFC echo-acoustic object discrimination from an earlier experiment. One of the six individuals without prior experience needed more than 4000 decisions to reach 70% in phase II and was not included in the figure.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Performance during experimental phase I (A, cage feeders) and experimental phase II (B, here only room feeders). Data are shown separately for individuals with prior experience (white circles, N=3) and without prior experience (black circles, N=6). Values are means ± s.e.m. of individual percentages based on 100 visits. Different individuals needed unequal numbers of choices to acquire the task; this causes the discontinuity of the line in 4A (naïve).

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2006