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First published online November 17, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 4663-4675 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02581
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Lipid remodeling in wild and selectively bred hard clams at low temperatures in relation to genetic and physiological parameters

Fabrice Pernet1,*, Réjean Tremblay2, Chantal Gionet1 and Thomas Landry3

1 Institut de Recherche sur les Zones Côtières, 232B rue de l'Église, Shippagan, Nouveau-Brunswick, E8S 1J2, Canada
2 Institut des Sciences de la Mer, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada
3 Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Science Branch, Gulf Fisheries Centre, PO Box 5030, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1C 9B6, Canada


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Minimum and maximum oxygen consumption rates (mean ± s.e.m.) for two varieties of juvenile hard clams: wild Mercenaria mercenaria (N=31) and selectively bred M. mercenaria var. notata (N=42).

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Temperature recordings in the field at Neguac, Miramichi Bay (New Brunswick, Canada), at two tidal locations from 11 August until 6 October 2003. Subtidal temperature monitoring continued in the field until 16 May 2004, and temperature was monitored in the laboratory holding tank from 6 October 2003 until 16 May 2004. Filled circles indicate clam samplings. (A) Mean daily temperature at intertidal and subtidal locations and in the laboratory. (B) Standard deviation of temperatures at intertidal and subtidal locations.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Phospholipid to sterol ratios (mean ± s.e.m.) for two varieties of juvenile hard clams, wild Mercenaria mercenaria (circles) and selectively bred M. mercenaria var. notata (squares), as a function of time. Clams were placed in the field in August 2003 at two tidal locations and overwintered subtidally and in the laboratory between October 2003 and May 2004. Sampling took place in the field until October (filled symbols) and then in the laboratory until May (open symbols). Clams were sampled simultaneously in the field and in the laboratory in May to validate agreement between field and laboratory results. The first time at which a significant increase occurred is indicated by a single asterisk; double asterisks indicate the time at which the value returned to the initial level.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Unsaturation index and mol % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) in juvenile hard clams as a function of time, variety and tidal location (mean ± s.e.m.). Unsaturation index and mol % of PUFA as a function of time are means of the two clam varieties. The unsaturation index is calculated as the sum of the mol % of each unsaturated fatty acid multiplied by the number of double bonds within that fatty acid. Clams were placed in the field in August 2003 at two tidal locations and overwintered subtidally and in the laboratory between October 2003 and May 2004. Sampling took place in the field until October (filled symbols) and then in the laboratory until May (open symbols). Clams were sampled simultaneously in the field and in the laboratory in May to validate agreement between field and laboratory results. The first time at which a significant increase occurred is indicated by a single asterisk.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. mol % of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) in juvenile hard clams as a function of time tidal location and time variety (mean ± s.e.m.). Clams were placed in the field in August 2003 at two tidal locations and overwintered subtidally and in the laboratory between October 2003 and May 2004. Sampling took place in the field until October (filled symbols) and then in the laboratory until May (open symbols). Clams were sampled simultaneously in the field and in the laboratory in May to validate agreement between field and laboratory results. The first time at which a significant increase occurred is indicated by a single asterisk; the time at which the value returned to the initial level is indicated by double asterisks.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Mol % of the total non-methylene interrupted dienoic fatty acids (22:2 NMI) in juvenile hard clams as a function of time, variety and tidal location (mean ± s.e.m.). Clams were placed in the field in August 2003 at two tidal locations and overwintered subtidally and in the laboratory between October 2003 and May 2004. Sampling took place in the field until October (filled symbols) and then in the laboratory until May (open symbols). Clams were sampled simultaneously in the field and in the laboratory in May to validate agreement between field and the laboratory results. Different letters indicate significant differences.

 




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