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First published online October 18, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 4329-4338 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02502
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Antioxidant protection, carotenoids and the costs of immune challenge in greenfinches

Peeter Hõrak1,*, Mihkel Zilmer2, Lauri Saks1, Indrek Ots1, Ulvi Karu1 and Kersti Zilmer2

1 Institute of Zoology and Hydrobiology, Tartu University, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
2 Department of Biochemistry, Tartu University, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Experimental process. Day 0=25 January 2005.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Effects of carotenoid supplementation and immune challenge on physiological parameters of greenfinches. For carotenoids, individual changes are tested with Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests and between-treatment differences with Mann-Whitney U-tests. Carotenoid concentrations, marked with different letters, are significantly different from each other (P<0.05). Group sizes range from five to eight on the first-titre measurement and from 11 to 14 on other occasions. Mean-trait values, exact sample sizes and statistics are presented in Table 1. For other variables, P-values for time x treatment interaction terms are presented in the text, and in most cases each group contains 14 individuals. Open squares, carotenoid-saline; filled squares, carotenoid-SRBC; filled circles, water-SRBC; open circles, water-saline.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Relationship between two measures of plasma antioxidant activity (TAS and AOP) at the end of the experiment (r=0.75; P<0.00001; N=41).

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2006