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First published online October 5, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 4067-4076 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02491
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Downregulation of aquaporins 1 and 5 in nasal gland by osmotic stress in ducklings, Anas platyrhynchos: implications for the production of hypertonic fluid

Christian Müller, Matthias Sendler and Jan-Peter Hildebrandt*

Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Zoological Institute, Ernst Moritz Arndt-University, Biotechnikum, Walther Rathenau-Strasse 49a, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany


Figure 1
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Fig. 1. Alignments of amino acid sequences of aquaporin 1 isoforms (A) and aquaporin 5 isoforms (B) in mammals and birds with the partial duck sequences obtained in this study. Amino acids with a black background are conserved in all species, black letters on a grey background indicate amino acids that are different in mammals and birds, white letters on grey background indicate N- and C-terminal portions of sequence in mammals and birds which have not been determined in ducks. GenBank accession numbers for AQP1: chicken, NM001039453; quail, AY692368; rat, NM_012778; mouse, NM_007472; human, BC022486. Accession numbers for AQP5: chicken, AJ829443; rat, U16245; mouse, NM_009701; human, NM_001651.

 

Figure 2
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Fig. 2. Northern blot analyses of mRNA isolates from nasal glands of untreated (fw) and osmotically stressed (sw) ducklings using AQP1- and AQP5-specific DIG-labelled cDNA probes. (A) Left panel: example of a northern blot with simultaneous detection of AQP1 and AQP5 mRNAs; right panel: inverse fluorescence image of an ethidium bromide-stained agarose gel used for northern blotting. The positions of residual ribosomal RNAs (28S, 18S) in the mRNA samples loaded onto the gel lanes are indicated. These signals were used to control for even loading of the gels. (B) Relative intensities of northern blot signals in mRNA isolates from nasal glands of untreated (fw) and osmotically stressed (sw) ducklings obtained with AQP1-specific cDNA probes (means ± s.d., N=12, *P<0.05, ANOVA). (C) Relative intensities of northern blot signals in mRNA isolates from nasal glands of untreated (fw) and osmotically stressed (sw) ducklings obtained with AQP5-specific cDNA probes (means ± s.d., N=12, **P<0.01, ANOVA).

 

Figure 3
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Fig. 3. Western blot analyses of aquaporins in nasal glands of untreated (fw) and osmotically stressed (sw) ducklings using AQP1- and AQP5-specific antibodies. (A) AQP1 western blot of membrane proteins from duck lung (dlu), duck nasal gland (dng) and mouse lung (mlu) with (+) or without (–) sample pretreatment with N-glycosidase F (N-G-F). Note the obvious difference in total AQP1 content in lung and nasal gland preparations and the appearance of bands at a molecular mass of 28 kDa in the nasal gland samples after deglycosylation (open arrowheads) which are absent in untreated nasal gland samples. (B) AQP5 western blot of membrane proteins from duck lung (dlu), duck nasal gland (dng) and mouse lung (mlu) with (+) or without (–) deglycosylation using N-glycosidase F (N-G-F). (C) Relative intensities of western blot signals in protein isolates from nasal glands of untreated (fw) and osmotically stressed (sw) ducklings obtained with AQP1-specific antibodies (means ± s.d., N=5, **P<0.01, ANOVA). (D) Relative intensities of western blot signals in protein isolates from nasal glands of untreated (fw) and osmotically stressed (sw) ducklings obtained with AQP5-specific antibodies (means ± s.d., N=5, ***P<0.001, ANOVA).

 

Figure 4
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Fig. 4. Survey of a cross-cryosection (5 µm thickness) of nasal gland tissue stained with Hemalaun and Eosin (A), description of structural correlates (c.f. Butler et al., 1991Go) (B) and immunohistochemical detection of AQP1 (C,D) or AQP5 (E–H), respectively, in nasal gland tissue obtained from naïve (C,E) or osmotically stressed (D,G) ducklings. Specific signals at the sites of antibody binding are visible as brownish precipitates, which are products of the peroxidase-reactions with diaminobenzidine and hydrogen peroxide as substrates. The dark speckles within some of the capillaries are red blood cells (RBCs). Control experiments, in which cryosections were preincubated with (C1,D1) or without (C2,D2) 3% hydrogen peroxide-solution for 30 min at room temperature before immunostaining without primary antibody, revealed that endogenous peroxidases of RBCs reacted non-specifically with the peroxidase substrates. Note the presence of AQP1 in capillary endothelial cells in tissue of naïve animals (C). Epithelial cells of the secretory tubules or the ducts are devoid of AQP1-related signals. Note the expression of AQP5 in individual cells lining the primary and central ducts. Apical as well as basolateral plasma membrane compartments of ductal cells in glands of naïve ducklings are labelled (F). Much less immunostaining was observed in nasal gland cryosections obtained from osmotically stressed ducklings using AQP1-(D) or AQP5-specific (G,H) antibodies, respectively.

 





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