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Fig. 3. Interspecific comparison for teleosts of standard metabolic rate (SMR)
versus body mass (Mb) at (A) the temperature at
which the measurement was made, and (B) 25°C (corrected using
Q10=2.5). Numbers 1-10 and bold regression lines represent non-tuna
species considered to be of high performance; numbers 11-21 and broken
regression lines represent species of tuna (dotted lines indicate 95%
confidence intervals for each regression). 1-3, mackerel Scomer
japonicus measured at 124°C
(Sepulveda and Dickson, 2000 ),
218°C (Dickson et al.,
2002) and 315°C
(Shadwick and Steffensen,
2000); 4-5, salmon Oncorhynchus nerka measured at
424°C (Brett and Glass,
1973) and 515°C
(Brett, 1965); 6-7, rainbow
trout Oncorhynchus mykiss measured at 6-715°C
(Bushnell et al., 1984;
Brill, 1987); 8, menhaden
Brevoortia tyrannus measured at 20°C
(Macy et al., 1999); 9,
bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix measured at 15°C
(Freadman, 1979); 10, bonito
Sarda chiliensis measured at 18°C
(Sepulveda et al., 2003);
11-14, yellowfin Thunnus albacares measured at
11-1325°C (Brill,
1987; Dewar and Graham,
1994) and 1424°C
(Sepulveda and Dickson, 2000);
15-17, skipjack Katsuwonus pelamis measured at
15-1725°C (Brill,
1979; Dewar and Graham,
1994); 18-20, kawakawa Euthynnus affinis measured at
18-1925°C (Brill,
1987) and 2024°C
(Sepulveda and Dickson, 2000);
21, albacore Thunnus alalunga measured at 15°C
(Graham et al., 1989). Closed
circle represents Seriola quinqueradiata measured at 19°C
(Yamamoto et al., 1981), and
open symbols represent data for Seriola lalandi from the present
study measured at 20°C (open circle) and 25°C (open square). For
comparative purposes, data for species of Seriola were not included
in formulating the regressions.
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O2), (B)
cardiac output (
b), (C)
heart rate (fH), (D) cardiac stroke volume
(VS), and (E) tissue oxygen extraction
[(CaO2-C
O2)]
as a function of swimming velocity for Seriola lalandi. The triangle,
circles and bold regression lines represent animals at 20°C [(A)
N=10; (B-E) N=4], while squares and broken regression lines
represent animals at 25°C (N=2). Open symbols are from animals
instrumented with EMG electrodes, whereas symbols containing crosses are from
animals instrumented with a blood flow cuff. The hatched vertical line
represents the approximate maximum sustainable swimming velocity
(Umax), about 2.3 BL s-1. Given the
lack of steady state swimming at speeds greater than 2.3 BL
s-1,
