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First published online September 19, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 3925-3939 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02400
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Sagittal spine movements of small therian mammals during asymmetrical gaits

Nadja Schilling1,* and Rémi Hackert1,2

1 Institute of Systematic Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
2 Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, USM 302 / FRE 2696 CP 55, Pavillon d'anatomie comparée, 57, Rue Cuvier, 75231 Cedex 05, Paris, France


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. X-ray sequences of the `tailless' pika Ochotona rufescens during gallop (1.16 m s-1) and the long-tailed kowari Dasyuroides byrnei during half-bound (0.92 m s-1). Scale bars, 20 mm.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Digitized skeletal landmarks in the pika Ochotona rufescens. (A) X-ray during stance phase. (B) Skeletal drawings at the beginning and end of stance phase [modified from (Fischer and Lehmann, 1998Go)]. Pelvic landmarks are indicated by open circles. (C) Calculated angles for the intervertebral joints in the tree shrew, Tupaia glis [modified from (Schilling and Fischer, 1999Go)].

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Intervertebral movements of the `tailless' pika Ochotona rufescens (A) and the `long-tailed' gray short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica (B) after Fast-Fourier Transformation. The different presacral intervertebral joints (PS) are indicated by different colors. The footfall pattern of the hindlimbs is indicated by the ground contact duration (stance phase) on the top of each diagram. Note the different ranges of `pelvic movement' of the species.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Mean angular movements of intervertebral movements of the pika Ochotona rufescens in the gallop (A; N=5) and the gray short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica in the half-bound (B; N=6). The different presacral intervertebral joints (PS) are indicated by different colors. The footfall pattern of the hindlimbs is indicated by the ground contact duration (stance phase) on the top of each diagram.

 




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