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First published online September 19, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 3851-3861 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02437

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Effects of long-term hypoxia on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis

Mery L. Martínez^1,*, Christie Landry^2,, Ryan Boehm¹, Steve Manning³, Ann Oliver Cheek^2, and Bernard B. Rees^1,¶

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
² Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, USA
³ Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, 39566, USA

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Changes in glycolytic enzyme specific activities (i.u. mg-1 protein) in tissues of Fundulus grandis held under normal and reduced oxygen levels for 4 weeks at 27°C. The y axis represents the percentage change in the mean value for each enzyme measured from hypoxic fish relative to the normoxic value for (A) skeletal muscle, (B) liver, (C) heart and (D) brain. Asterisks indicate significant differences between mean specific activity values from normoxic and hypoxic groups (*P0.05; **P0.001; see Table 1). HK, hexokinase; PGI, phosphoglucoisomerase; PFK, phosphofructokinase; ALD, aldolase; TPI, triose phosphate isomerase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; PGK, phosphoglycerokinase; PGM, phosphoglyceromutase; ENO, enolase; PYK, pyruvate kinase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Changes in specific activities (i.u. mg-1 protein) of enzymes of glycogen metabolism in tissues of Fundulus grandis held under normal and reduced oxygen levels for 4 weeks at 27°C. The y axis represents the percentage change in the mean value for each enzyme measured from hypoxic fish relative to the normoxic value for (A) skeletal muscle and (B) liver. Asterisks indicate significant differences between mean specific activity values from normoxic and hypoxic groups (*P0.05; **P0.001; see Table 2). GPase, glycogen phosphorylase; GSase, glycogen synthase.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Changes in gluconeogenic enzyme specific activities (i.u. mg-1 protein) in liver of Fundulus grandis held under normal and reduced oxygen levels for 4 weeks at 27°C. The y axis represents the percent change in the mean value for each enzyme measured from hypoxic fish relative to the normoxic value. Asterisks indicate significant differences between mean specific activity values from normoxic and hypoxic groups (*P0.05; **P0.001; see Table 3). MDH, malate dehydrogenase; PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; FBPase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase; G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase.