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First published online August 17, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 3420-3428 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02346

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Effect of temperature on maximum swimming speed and cost of transport in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Guy Claireaux^1,*, Christine Couturier² and Anne-Laure Groison³

¹ Station Méditerranéenne de l'Environnement Littoral, 1 Quai de la Daurade, Sète, 34200 France
² Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Littoraux Anthropisés, Place du Séminaire, L'Houmeau, 17137 France and
³ University of Bergen, Biology Department, Thormøhlensgt. 55, Bergen 5020, Norway

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Relationship between active metabolic rate (AMR) and maximal swimming speed (Umax) at various temperatures. Solid line: AMR=0.033Umax+0.5051 (r2 =0.97).

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Influence of acclimatisation temperature on the relationship between oxygen consumption () and swimming speed (U). The solid line represents the best-fitting regression: (Eqn 4). The corresponding values for a, b, c and r2 are given in Table 2.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relationships between acclimatisation temperature, cost of transport (COT) and swimming speed (U) established using Eqn 6 and the corresponding parameter values from Table 2. The solid lines are a plot of the 3-D model that combines the influence of the temperature and swimming speed on the cost of transport in sea bass, i.e. Eqn 11: COT=5.27[1-exp(-0.007T1.65)]/U+(11.44U2.44-1).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relationship between acclimatisation temperature, net cost of transports (COTnet) and swimming speed (U). Symbols are calculated COTnet using Eqn 7. Color-coding matches that in Figs 3 and 4. The solid line is a plot of Eqn 12: COTnet=11.44U2.44-1.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Summary of the interactions between temperature, metabolism and swimming performance. Open symbols are AMR and SMR ±95% confidence interval (Table 1). Solid bold lines represent consolidated models AMR=fl(T) and SMR=fl(T), which were fitted using the equations reported in Claireaux and Lagardère (Claireaux and Lagardère, 1999) and after combining the two data sets. Upper line: AMR=0.00013T(-0.033T+4.42)+3.25; lower line: SMR=5.27[1-exp(-0.0077T1.65)]. The dotted lines are `isospeed' curves plotted using Eqn 10. The point where one given `isospeed' curve meets the AMR versus T relationship is an indicator of Umax at the considered temperature (see Table 1). Closed symbols are at Uopt for the considered temperature (Table 2).

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