spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


spacer gif
     Home     Help     Feedback     Subscriptions     Archive     Search     Table of Contents    

First published online July 20, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 2911-2919 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02339
This Article
Right arrow Summary Freely available
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Zilberstein, Y.
Right arrow Articles by Ayali, A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Zilberstein, Y.
Right arrow Articles by Ayali, A.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Neuromodulation of the locust frontal ganglion during the moult: a novel role for insect ecdysis peptides

Y. Zilberstein1, J. Ewer2 and A. Ayali1,*

1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
2 Entomology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA


Figure 1
View larger version (26K):

[in a new window]
  		Fig. 1. (A) Extracellular recording from the frontal connective in an isolated frontal ganglion (FG) preparation. Bath application of 10-7 mol l-1 Manduca ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH) increased the burst frequency. (B) Manduca pre-ecdysis-triggering hormone (PETH) and ETH effects on the FG rhythm. Results are shown as the change in burst frequency relative to control (means ± s.d., N=6, 6 and 9, respectively; *P<0.05; NS, not significant). (C) Manduca EH transiently inhibited the FG rhythm. Continuous extracellular recording (as in A; arrow indicates time of EH application).

 

Figure 2
View larger version (84K):

[in a new window]
  		Fig. 2. (A) Simultaneous extracellular recordings from two of the frontal ganglion (FG) efferent nerves: the frontal connective (FC) and medial pharyngeal nerve (MPN), in an isolated FG preparation. Addition of crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP; 10-5 mol l-1) reversibly increased the burst frequency. The left-hand traces show records played at a higher sweep speed to reveal phase relations between different components of the FG central pattern generator. (B) Application of 10-5 mol l-1 CCAP on an in situ FG resulted in appearance of air bubbles in the crop (broken outline).

 

Figure 3
View larger version (50K):

[in a new window]
  		Fig. 3. (A) State dependency of the effect of crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) on the frontal ganglion (FG) burst frequency. Data show the average change in the FG burst frequency as percentage of control. In the column labelled `No rhythm', the treatment produced enhanced and tonic spiking activity, preventing a determination of burst frequency. Data outlined by a dotted box were used for the cross-correlation analyses shown in B. Pairs of bars marked by different letters differ significantly (values are mean ± s.d.; P<0.05; N=5-10). (B) Cross-correlation analysis matrices based on the FG bursts' temporal characteristics. The y and x axes represent the burst index number (colour code scale is shown on the right). The matrix was constructed from a total sequence of 33 bursts. The first 11 bursts were recorded after application of 10-6 mol l-1 CCAP to an FG dissected from feeding animals. The next 11 bursts correspond to recordings made after application of 10-6 mol l-1 CCAP to an FG dissected from moulting animals, and the last 11 bursts represent the activity after application of 10-5 mol l-1 CCAP to FG from feeding animals. See text for details.

 

Figure 4
View larger version (23K):

[in a new window]
  		Fig. 4. Effect of pre-exposure to ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH) on response of frontal ganglion (FG) to crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP). Results are presented as the average change in burst frequency relative to control. In the ETH 10-7 mol l-1 + CCAP 10-6 mol l-1 column the average increase shows the CCAP effect only (after the ETH effect was stabilised) (means ± s.d.; *P<0.05; NS, not significant; N=6).

 

Figure 5
View larger version (20K):

[in a new window]
  		Fig. 5. Average crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) levels at different stages in extracts from single abdominal ganglia (A) and the frontal ganglion (B) (values are means ± s.e.m., for N values, see text. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001).

 

Figure 6
View larger version (64K):

[in a new window]
  		Fig. 6. Pattern of crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) immunoreactivity in the frontal ganglion of locusts dissected at three out of four different stages tested: I, mid last larval instar; III, air-swallowing; IV, late ecdysis. (A) Immunoreactive axons that innervate the frontal ganglion (FG) neuropil. (B) CCAP-immunoreactive area in the ganglion neuropil. (C) Graphic representation of the CCAP-immunoreactive neuropil area (mean ± s.d. N=6; *P<0.05; **P<0.01).

 

Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?



© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2006