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First published online June 29, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 2637-2650 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02295
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Tiger moth responses to a simulated bat attack: timing and duty cycle

J. R. Barber* and W. E. Conner

Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, 226 Winston Hall, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. (A) Scanning electron micrograph of the metathoracic tymbal of Bertholdia femida. Scale bar, 100 µm. (B) Oscillogram of one complete modulation cycle of B. femida with both tymbals intact. The active modulation half-cycle is produced as muscles buckle the structure inward. After a brief intra-cycle silent interval the structure returns to its resting state producing the passive modulation half-cycle.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Response profiles of seven Ecuadorian tiger moths and Cycnia tenera responding to a played back echolocation attack. The echolocation attack sequence is cartooned above each response profile. The stages of the attack are labeled above the top two panels. Values are means ± 1 s.d. See Materials and methods for details.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Spectrograms of three tiger moths responding to a played back bat echolocation attack sequence. The y-axis is frequency in kHz. Note the bat cries increasing in rate towards the terminal buzz-shortly after which the bat would envelop the moth in its wing and tail membranes. The sequences are presented in order of maximum duty cycle: (A) Amplicinia near mixta; 0.3% (B) Eucereon decora; 9.9% (C) Bertholdia femida; 31%.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2006