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First published online December 14, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 26-31 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01976
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Ant navigation: resetting the path integrator

Markus Knaden* and Rüdiger Wehner

Zoologisches Institut, Universitat Zurich, Winterthurestrasse 190, Zurich CH 8057, Switzerland



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Fig. 1. Experimental design. (A) Training (grey arrows) and test situations in Experiments 1 and 2. Filled circle, nest entrance; open circle, close vicinity of the nest; filled black square, feeder, nest-to-feeder distance, 8 m. Experiment 1 (black arrow): ants were captured at the feeder and released close to the nest entrance; Experiment 2 (red arrow): ants were captured at the feeder and released into the nest entrance. (B) Training (grey arrows) and test situations in Experiment 3. N, natural nest entrance; E, nest entrance on the arena (diameter, 1 m) enforced by a metal tube; F, feeder trap. Experiment 3 (green arrows): ants were released from the feeder trap into the nest entrance and the arena was turned by 180° (lower diagram); PI arrow, walking direction defined by path integration (after a 180° turn of the arena); EC arrow, walking direction defined by arena-specific external cues.

 


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Fig. 2. Experiments 1, 2 and 4. (A) Filled circle, nest entrance; open circle, position of fictive nest when path integrator has not been reset; square, position of feeder or fictive feeder when path integrator has been reset. Black lines, trajectories of ants released close to the nest (N=15); red lines, trajectories of ants reset into the nest (N=17); blue lines, trajectories of ants released in cages into the nest entrance (N=16); grey lines, trajectories of control ants, heading to the feeder (N=40). All runs were cut to the first transgression of a 6 m circle around the nest entrance. (B) First intersections of trajectories with a 6 m circle around the nest entrance. Open circles, first intersections; black, Experiment 1; red, Experiment 2; blue, Experiment 4; grey, control; arrows give the mean direction and the directionality with the radius of the large circle meaning a maximum concentration with r=1 and the marker denoting the border of significance with P=0.01.

 


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Fig. 3. (A) Outbound runs of ants leaving the nest in Experiment 3. Green (grey) lines, trajectories of ants in reset (control) condition [N=20 (20)]; filled black circle, nest entrance; all runs were cut to the first transgression of a 0.4 m circle around the nest entrance. (B) First intersections of trajectories with a 0.4 m circle around the nest entrance. Open green (grey) circles, first intersections in reset (control) condition, arrows give the mean direction and the directionality with the radius of the large circle meaning a maximum concentration with r=1 and the marker denoting the border of significance with P=0.01; broken line, nest-to-feeder direction. (C) Outbound runs of ants in Experiment 2 cut at 0.4 m. Red (grey) lines, trajectories of ants in reset (control) condition [N=17 (40)].

 





© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2006