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First published online March 31, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 1481-1488 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01557

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Tuning of host plants with vibratory songs of Nezara viridula L (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Andrej okl^*, Maja Zorovi, Alenka uni and Meta Virant-Doberlet

Department of Entomology, National Institute of Biology, Vena pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Spectral peak position and relative amplitude (re: 0 dB dominant frequency) of a naturally emitted female calling song recorded simultanously on the pronotum of a singing female (A), and on a leaf (B), ipsilateral stalk (C) or stem (D). Values (mean ± S.D.) were calculated for 10 pulse trains emitted by four females, each singing on a different bean plant. (E) Comparison of spectra of a female calling-song pulse train recorded as vibrations of the pronotum (black) of a female singing on a plant and as vibrations of a loudspeaker membrane (grey). (F) Spectra of simultaneously recorded female calling-song pulse train recorded from the pronotum of the singing female (black) and the leaf immediately below (grey).

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Spectral peak position (mean ± S.D.) and relative amplitude (re: 0 dB dominant frequency) of artificially induced female calling-song pulse trains recorded from a bean ipsilateral stalk (A), contralateral stalk (B), stem close to the crossing (C) and middle of the stem (D). Spectral peak positions of the female calling-song stimulus (reference) signals of the Slovene and French population (left and right, respectively) are shown in (E).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Spectra of non-vibrated (grey) and sound-vibrated (black) bean leaf (A) or loudspeaker membrane (B). (C) Comparison of a leaf resonant spectrum with spectrum of a naturally emitted female calling-song pulse train recorded on a leaf. Peaks of environmental noise in non-stimulus conditions are marked with asterisks in B.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Resonant peak positions and amplitudes above the baseline of vibrations induced by sound stimuli in bean (black diamonds) and other tested plants (open diamonds; see Materials and methods), recorded on a leaf (A), stalk (B) or stem (C). Values (mean ± S.D.) are shown for bean and single values for other tested plants. Grey areas show the range of variation of the female calling-song dominant frequency.