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First published online March 21, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 1385-1392 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01521

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Respiratory changes throughout ontogeny in the tobacco hornworm caterpillar, Manduca sexta

Kendra J. Greenlee^1,* and Jon F. Harrison²

¹ Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
² Section of Organismal, Integrative, and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA

View larger version (9K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Body mass of first, third and fifth instar caterpillars at early (filled symbols) and late (open symbols) stages within an instar.

View larger version (9K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Scaling of normoxic CO2 emission rate with body mass (g).

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. CO2 emission rates in response to decreasing atmospheric PO2 for each instar and stage. Arrows indicate critical PO2 values (Pc-CO2), filled symbols represent early-stage animals, and open symbols represent late-stage animals.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Pc-CO2 as a function of instar. The boundaries of each box indicate the 25th and the 75th percentiles, respectively. The line within the each box indicates the median. Error bars mark the 10th and 90th percentiles. Open boxes are early-stage and hatched boxes are late-stage animals. Asterisks denote significant differences between early and late stages.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Absolute Gmax (A) and mass-specific Gmax (B) versus instar. Filled symbols are early-stage caterpillars; open symbols are late-stage caterpillars. Asterisks denote significant differences between early and late stages.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Feeding rates (A; food eaten, g h-1) and mass-specific feeding rates (B; food eaten, g g-1 h-1) of caterpillars versus instar for early and late-stage animals. Asterisks denote significant differences between early and late stages.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Pc-feeding versus instar. The boundaries of each box indicate the 25th and the 75th percentiles respectively. The line within the each box indicates the median. Error bars mark the 10th and 90th percentiles. Open boxes are early-stage and hatched boxes are late stage animals. Asterisks denote significant differences between early and late stages.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. CO2 in anoxia divided by CO2 in normoxia as a function of instar. Filled symbols are early-stage caterpillars; open symbols are late-stage caterpillars.