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First published online March 14, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 1109-1116 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01505

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Temperature alters the respiratory surface area of crucian carp Carassius carassius and goldfish Carassius auratus

Jørund Sollid^1,*, Roy E. Weber² and Göran E. Nilsson¹

¹ Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1041, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
² Department of Zoophysiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, C. F. Moellers Alle 131, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

View larger version (175K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (a-f) Scanning electron micrographs from the second gill arch of crucian carp and goldfish kept at different temperatures. At 15°C (a) and 20°C (b) the crucian carp gills do not have protruding lamellae. However, after respirometry at 20°C (c) crucian carp gill filament exhibited protruding lamellae, a response probably induced by the hypoxic period in the respirometer. At 25°C (d) the crucian carp developed protruding lamellae in normoxia. Goldfish gills at 15°C (e) showed protruding lamellae; however after 5 days at 7.5°C (f) the gill morphology of goldfish started to resemble that of normoxic crucian carp at 10-20°C. Scale bar, 50 µm.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (A-F) Respirometry data from the present study of crucian carp (left), and previous studies (right) on goldfish (Fry and Hart, 1948) and Atlantic cod (Schurmann and Steffensen, 1997) showing the effect of temperature on O2 (A) and (B), the alteration of critical oxygen concentration ([O2]crit), in response to different temperatures (C) and (D), and how the different species alter their oxygen uptake capabilities at different O2 (E) and (F).

View larger version (72K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Thin-layer isoelectrofocussing gels of Hbs from individual crucian carp specimens acclimated to either 14 or 26°C (as indicated) for 1 month, showing correspondence in isoHb compositions of the two groups.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Oxygen-binding characteristics and isoHb differentiation of crucian carp Hb, measured in the presence of 0.1 mol l-1 KCl and 0.1 mol l-1 Hepes buffers. (A) Oxygen tensions and Hill's cooperativity coefficients at 50% saturation (P50 and n50 of stripped hemolysates and their pH dependence (Bohr plots) at 10°C () and 20°C () and of the lysate in the presence of saturating concentration of ATP (ATP/tetrameric Hb ratio, 9.6), (), [haem], 0.50 mmol l-1. (B) Oxygen equilibrium curves at 10°C, 20°C and 20°C in the presence of saturating ATP (interpolated from data in A). (C) Isoelectric focusing profile, showing absorptions at 540 nm () and pH values at 25°C () of eluted fractions, and the presence of three major (II, III and IV) and two minor (I and V) isoHbs. (D) Bohr plots of isoHbs I-IV, at 10 and 20°C.