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First published online February 4, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 661-670 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01427

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The early life history of tissue oxygenation in crustaceans: the strategy of the myodocopid ostracod Cylindroleberis mariae

Laure Corbari, Pierre Carbonel and Jean-Charles Massabuau^*

Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie et Ecotoxicologie des Systèmes Aquatiques, UMR 5805 Université Bordeaux 1, France and CNRS, Place du Dr B. Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) Experimental set-up for ventilatory analysis by video recording. Animals were free ranging in a vertical layer of natural sediment, cardiac and ventilatory activities were measured by visual inspection through the animals. Analyses were performed under dim light by means of infra-red (IR) camera and micro-spotlight (see text for details). (B) Mini-aquaria with myodocop nest. Scale bar, 1 cm. (C) Experimental procedure of short-term exposures at various oxygenations numbered from 1 to 10.

View larger version (110K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Morphofunctional anatomy of C. mariae, myodocopid ostracod. (A) In situ picture in the experimental micro-aquarium. Dashed lines C, D and E indicate section planes for Fig. 2C-E. (B) Schematic drawing, left valve not shown, illustrating the ventilatory flow pattern (arrows) through the animal. The inspired water enters from the anterior aspect and superfusates the soft body (inspired from Cannon, 1933). (C) Cross section through the heart. (D) Cross section through the gills. (E) Longitudinal section showing the seven pairs of gills. ant, anterior; ao, aorta; d, dorsal; dc, domiciliar cavity; dt, digestive tract; e, eyes; g, gills; h, heart; post, posterior; sc, scaphognathite; st, stomach; v, ventral.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Typical ventilatory pattern (fR, ventilatory frequency, min-1) in one C. mariae specimen during 1 h observation period at PO2=21 kPa. Ventilatory activity is characterized by alternations of ventilatory bouts and pauses.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. C. mariae ventilatory and cardiac responses to 2-16 h exposure periods at various oxygenation levels. Upper panels: respiratory frequencies within bouts, fR (min-1) and cardiac frequencies, fH (min-1) illustrating inter-individual variability. One symbol per oxygenation level and N=12 animals per studied level. Lower panels, mean fR and fH relationship versus water PO2 (±1M.E.M.). No significant trend was observed as a function of PO2. Italics refer to the protocol shown in Fig. 1C.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Frequency distribution of ventilatory bout number, ventilatory mean duration, ventilatory hourly duration, respiratory frequency within bout (fR) and cardiac frequency (fH) during 3 day exposure periods at water PO2=21 and 4 kPa (mean values in Table 1). Note the absence of any ventilatory and cardiac change (N=7 animals).

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Diurnal rhythm of activity in C. mariae (10 cycles analysed). C. mariae was only actively swimming in the water column from 22:00-07:00. Grey shadow, from sunset to sunrise; August 2003; 50 animals in the aquarium.

View larger version (73K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. In situ pictures of nesting behaviour in C. mariae and nest oxygenation status. (A1) First steps of nest building. (A2) Production of mucus-like slime. (A3) Two individuals entering in a nest. (A4) Illustration of animal density in a nest during daytime. (B) Water O2-profile in the nest shown in A1-A4. Asterisks indicate individuals. Scale bars, 1 mm.

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