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First published online February 4, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 625-635 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01403

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Host nutrition determines blood nutrient composition and mediates parasite developmental success: Manduca sexta L. parasitized by Cotesia congregata (Say)

S. N. Thompson^*, R. A. Redak and L.-W. Wang

Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Two-dimensional representation of blood protein nitrogen (protein and free amino acids) and trehalose levels (mg per insect) in normal (filled circles) fifth instar M. sexta larvae and larvae parasitized by C. congregata (open circles), maintained over the fourth and fifth stadia on a chemically defined artificial diet having varying ratios of casein and sucrose. Values are means ± S.E.M. Dietary nutrient ratios shown relative to the level of each nutrient (C, casein; S, sucrose) in the basal chemically defined formulation where 1.0=90 g l-1.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effects of host dietary nutrient ratio on parasite burden (A), total parasite biomass (B) and individual parasite mass (C) of C. congregata, emerged and non-emerged from M. sexta larvae maintained over the fourth and fifth stadia on a chemically defined artificial diet having varying ratios of casein and sucrose. Dietary nutrient ratios shown relative to the level of each nutrient (C, casein; S, sucrose) in the basal chemically defined formulation where 1.0=90 g l. Significant differences (P<0.05) between emerged parasites on different diets are indicated by different lower case letters and differences between non-emerged parasites by different upper case letters.

View larger version (62K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Multidimensional profiles illustrating the effects of blood protein nitrogen trehalose levels (mg per insect) on biomass of C. congregata, emerged and non-emerged from M. sexta larvae maintained over the fourth and fifth stadia on a chemically defined artificial diet having varying ratios of casein (C) and sucrose (S). (A,C) Three-dimensional models for emerged and non-emerged parasite biomass, respectively. See text for model specifications and details. (B,D) Contour maps show actual emerged and non-emerged biomass, respectively. Blood metabolite levels are indicated for individual larvae on the various diets.