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First published online February 4, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 595-601 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01400

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Her odours make him deaf: crossmodal modulation of olfaction and hearing in a male moth

Niels Skals^1,*, Peter Anderson², Morten Kanneworff³, Christer Löfstedt¹ and Annemarie Surlykke³

¹ Department of Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden,
² Department of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
³ Center for Sound Communication, Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Hearing threshold for Spodoptera littoralis males measured from the tympanic nerve. Lines represent individual audiograms for 12 males.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Response frequencies to varying intensity of sound stimulation in pure air or during attraction to four different pheromone stimuli. The response frequency depended significantly on the sound intensity for all pheromone and none pheromone stimuli (Spearman rank correlation: P<0.01, r=0.886 for 1 component (comp.) 20 ng; P<0.0001, r>0.950 for all other odours). Coloured bars illustrate mean percentages of male moths responding by cessation of walking to sound stimulation (20<N<25 for all treatments). Values represent data means + S.E.M.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Sound intensity response curves created by logistic fit of the behavioural data shown in Fig. 2 (20<N<25 for all intensity/odour combinations). Significance level and McFadden rho2 are as follows: Air (P<0.001, rho2=0.300), 1 component (comp.) (Z9E11-14:OAc) 20 ng (P<0.001, rho2=0.242), 1 comp. 100 ng (P<0.001, rho2=0.192), 2 comp. blend (Z9E11-14:OAc and Z9E12-14:OAc) (P<0.001, rho2=0.123), Female extract (P<0.01, rho2=0.158). The vertical broken lines indicate the 50% threshold sound intensity for air and female extract.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Response duration at 102 dB SPL. A moth stopped walking after sound stimulus for a significantly longer period of time in air than in pheromone. The differences in response duration between different pheromone stimuli were not significant. The N-values are given above each bar. Values are expressed as means + S.E.M.