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First published online January 25, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 515-522 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01423

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Muscle remodeling in relation to blood supply: implications for seasonal changes in mitochondrial enzymes

G. B. McClelland^*, A. C. Dalziel, N. M. Fragoso and C. D. Moyes

Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Time course of changes in temperature, hematocrit and ventricular mass. Temperatures were monitored for 5 weeks prior to phenylhydrazine treatment at week 0 (dotted lines). Open circles represent values for anemic animals and solid circles for untreated animals, with error bars = 1 S.E.M. The analyses from 2–25 weeks compared treated animals with time-matched controls. The data collected at 1, 2, 4, and 8 days were compared with pre-treatment values. *Significantly different from control animals. RBC, red blood cells.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Ventricular properties following anemia and cold acclimation. The first pair of bars is from animals sacrificed at 4 weeks, showing the effects of anemia alone. The second set of bars represents the influence of anemic pre-treatment on the effects of cold-acclimation. The effects of temperature alone are apparent by comparing the untreated fish (solid bars). Based on ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post-hoc, we identified groups that were significantly different from controls at 4 weeks (*) or () phenylhydrazine treated at 4 weeks.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Ventricular enzymes in relation to anemia and cold acclimation. The data for each enzyme is shown as both specific activity (left panels) and total activity (right panels). For each enzyme, the first pair of bars is from animals sacrificed at 4 weeks, with the phenylhydrazine injected group shown as an solid bar. This comparison reflects the effects of anemia alone. The second set of bars represents the influence of anemic pre-treatment on the effects of cold-acclimation. The effects of temperature alone are apparent by comparing the solid bars. Based on ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post-hoc, we identified groups that were significantly different from controls at 4 weeks (*) or () phenylhydrazine treated at 4 weeks.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. White muscle enzymes with acute anemia. Solid gray line on each figure represents the hematocrit trace of the anemic fish (from Fig. 1A). Open circles represent values for anemic animals and solid circles for sham injected animals. Error bars = 1 S.E.M.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Red muscle enzymes with acute anemia. Solid gray line on each figure represents the hematocrit trace from Fig. 1A. Open circles represent values for anemic animals and solid circles for sham injected animals. Error bars = 1 S.E.M.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Muscle enzymes in relation to cold acclimation. Open bars (warm acclimated) represent the activities of muscle enzymes prior to cold acclimation (week 0). Solid bars are fish that were not given the anemic treatment but were exposed to the entire thermal regime outlined in Fig. 1 (i.e. 25 weeks). Shaded bars are fish that were made anemic at week 0, then exposed to the thermal regime outlined in Fig. 1. Error bars = 1 S.E.M. (*Significantly different from warm-acclimated controls.) RBC, red blood cells.