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First published online January 25, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 497-504 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01424

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Circadian rhythms of behavioral cone sensitivity and long wavelength opsin mRNA expression: a correlation study in zebrafish

Ping Li^1,3, Shelby Temple², Yan Gao^1,3, Theordore J. Haimberger², Craig W. Hawryshyn² and Lei Li^1,3,*

¹ Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
² Department of Biology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, V8W3N5 Canada
³ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Behavioral red cone sensitivity at different times in the day and night in zebrafish that were kept in LD and 2 days in DD. In both LD and DD, red cone sensitivity increased during the day and decreased at night. Horizontal bars at the top of the figure indicate lighting conditions; white bar, day; black bars, night; gray bars, subjective days without light. Data represent the mean ± S.E.M. (N=8).

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Circadian rhythms of LC opsin mRNA expression under different lighting conditions. In LD, the expression of LC opsin mRNA was low in the morning and high in the afternoon. The fluctuation of LC opsin mRNA persisted in DD (A) or LL (B) for only one day. In the second day of DD or LL, the expression became flat. Horizontal bars at the top of the figure indicate lighting conditions in the day and night; white bar, day; black bars, night; gray bars, subjective days without light; hatched bars, subjective night with light. Data represent the mean ± S.E.M. (N=16).

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Mean absorbance maxima (Amax) of zebrafish red cones measured at 07:00, 12:00 and 22:00 h. Each value is the mean of at least 13 photoreceptor cells recorded from each of three fish per time period. Data represent the mean ± S.E.M. *P<0.001.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effect of dopamine (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 10 µmol l-1) on LC opsin mRNA expression in the morning (A) and in the evening (B). In the morning, dopamine increased LC opsin mRNA expression. In the evening, there was a tendency of increase, but it was not statistically significant. Data represent the mean ± S.E.M. (N=16). *P<0.01; NS, not significant.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effect of dopamine D1 or D2 receptor agonist (0.1, 1.0, 10 µmol l-1) on LC opsin mRNA expression determined in the early morning. Administration of dopamine D1 receptor agonist (A) increased LC opsin mRNA expression at all tested concentrations. Administration of D2 receptor agonist (B) produced little effect. Data represent the mean ± S.E.M. (N=16). *P<0.01; NS, not significant.