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First published online November 4, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 4291-4304 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01900
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Time course of osmoregulatory and metabolic changes during osmotic acclimation in Sparus auratus

Susana Sangiao-Alvarellos1, Francisco J. Arjona2, María P. Martín del Río2, Jesús M. Míguez1, Juan M. Mancera2 and José L. Soengas1,*

1 Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
2 Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain



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  		Fig. 1. Time course of changes in osmoregulatory parameters in plasma osmolality (A,B) and Na+,K+-ATPase activity in gills (C,D) and kidney (E,F) of gilthead sea bream acclimated to hyperosmotic (A,C,E) or hypo-osmotic (B,D,F) conditions. Fish were transferred for 14 days from seawater (SW) to (A,C,E) hypersaline water (HSW; closed circles) or (B,D,F) low salinity water (LSW; closed circles). Open circles indicate control fish transferred from SW to SW. Each value is the mean ± S.E.M. of N=8 fish per group and sampling time. *Significantly different (P<0.05) from SW group at the same sampling time. Different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) among sampling times (0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days) in fish acclimated to HSW or LSW.

 


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  		Fig. 2. Time course of changes in cortisol and metabolic parameters (glucose, lactate, protein and triglyceride levels) in plasma of gilthead sea bream acclimated to hyperosmotic (A) or hypo-osmotic (B) conditions. Fish were transferred for 14 days from seawater (SW) to (A) hypersaline water (HSW; closed circles) or (B) low salinity water (LSW; closed circles). Further details as in legend of Fig. 1. Note the different y-axis scales in A and B.

 


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  		Fig. 3. Time course of changes in liver metabolite levels (glycogen, glucose and lactate) in gilthead sea bream acclimated to hyperosmotic (A) or hypo-osmotic (B) conditions. Fish were transferred for 14 days from seawater (SW) to (A) hypersaline water (HSW; closed circles) or (B) low salinity water (LSW; closed circles). Further details as in legend of Fig. 1. Note the different y-axis scales in A and B.

 


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  		Fig. 4. Time course of changes in liver enzyme activities (glycogen phosphorylase, GPase; 6-phosphofructo 1-kinase, PFK; glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH; and glucose 6-phosphatase, G6Pase) in gilthead sea bream acclimated to hyperosmotic (A) or hypo-osmotic (B) conditions. Fish were transferred for 14 days from seawater (SW) to (A) hypersaline water (HSW; closed circles) or (B) low salinity water (LSW; closed circles). Further details as in legend of Fig. 1. Note the different y-axis scales in A and B.

 


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  		Fig. 5. Time course of changes in gill metabolite levels (glycogen, glucose, and lactate) in gilthead sea bream acclimated to hyperosmotic (A) or hypo-osmotic (B) conditions. Fish were transferred for 14 days from seawater (SW) to (A) hypersaline water (HSW; closed circles) or (B) low salinity water (LSW; closed circles). Further details as in legend of Fig. 1. Note the different y-axis scales in A and B.

 


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  		Fig. 6. Time course of changes in gill enzyme activities (glycogen phosphorylase, GPase; pyruvate kinase, PK; hexokinase, HK; and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH) in gilthead sea bream acclimated to hyperosmotic (A) or hypo-osmotic (B) conditions. Fish were transferred for 14 days from seawater (SW) to (A) hypersaline water (HSW; closed circles) or (B) low salinity water (LSW; closed circles). Further details as in legend of Fig. 1. Note the different y-axis scales in A and B.

 


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  		Fig. 7. Time course of changes in kidney metabolite levels (glycogen, glucose and lactate) in gilthead sea bream acclimated to hyperosmotic (A) or hypo-osmotic (B) conditions. Fish were transferred for 14 days from seawater (SW) to (A) hypersaline water (HSW; closed circles) or (B) low salinity water (LSW; closed circles). Further details as in legend of Fig. 1. Note the different y-axis scales in A and B.

 


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  		Fig. 8. Time course of changes in kidney enzyme activities (glycogen phosphorylase, GPase; pyruvate kinase, PK; hexokinase, HK; and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH) in gilthead sea bream acclimated to hyperosmotic (A) or hypo-osmotic (B) conditions. Fish were transferred for 14 days from seawater (SW) to (A) hypersaline water (HSW; closed circles) or (B) low salinity water (LSW; closed circles). Further details as in legend of Fig. 1. Note the different y-axis scales in A and B.

 


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  		Fig. 9. Time course of changes in brain metabolite levels (glycogen, glucose, and lactate) in gilthead sea bream acclimated to hyperosmotic (A) or hypo-osmotic (B) conditions. Fish were transferred for 14 days from seawater (SW) to (A) hypersaline water (HSW; closed circles) or (B) low salinity water (LSW; closed circles). Further details as in legend of Fig. 1. Note the different y-axis scales in A and B.

 


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  		Fig. 10. Time course of changes in brain enzyme activities (glycogen phosphorylase, GPase; 6-phosphofructo 1-kinase, PFK; hexokinase, HK; and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH) in gilthead sea bream acclimated to hyperosmotic (A) or hypo-osmotic (B) conditions. Fish were transferred for 14 days from seawater (SW) to (A) hypersaline water (HSW; closed circles) or (B) low salinity water (LSW; closed circles). Further details as in legend of Fig. 1.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2005