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First published online October 21, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 4063-4068 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01870

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Miniaturization (0.2 g) and evaluation of attachment techniques of telemetry transmitters

B. Naef-Daenzer^1,*, D. Früh², M. Stalder², P. Wetli¹ and E. Weise³

¹ Swiss Ornithological Institute, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland
² Zürich University of Applied Sciences, CH-8400 Winterthur, Switzerland
³ Micro-Consult Inc., CH-2025 Chez-le-Bart, Switzerland

View larger version (71K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) The circuit diagram and (B) a photograph of the miniature transmitter on a human finger. The list of components and specifications are given in Table 1. Scale bar, 5 mm.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The radiated spectrum of the miniature transmitter at harmonics of the crystal frequency of 49.5 MHz compared to the spectrum with unmatched antenna (i.e. omitting L3, C4 and C5 in Fig. 1). With the matching circuit the largest proportion of radiated power is emitted at the nominal frequency of 148.5 MHz.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The radiated power of the miniature transmitter (larger crystal, 13 cm antenna) relative to the mass of attached silver-oxide cells. There is a marked increase from 4.8 µW with the smallest 337 cells (0.12 g) to c. 29 µW on a 076 battery (2.3 g). Fit: y=-1.343+19.331x0.538, r2adj=0.82, N=43.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The radiated power of the miniature transmitter as measured in different configurations (circles = mean, boxes = S.E.M., whiskers = S.D.). When attached to a dummy body of 12 g, the effective radiated power of the transmitters improved. If the harness was attached to the transmitter (harness 1) the gain in ERP was significantly smaller compared to the version with the harness attached to the battery. (harness 2; paired samples t6=7.88, P<0.001).