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First published online January 5, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 261-265 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01395

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The pupillary response of cephalopods

R. H. Douglas^1,*, R. Williamson² and H.-J. Wagner³

¹ Applied Vision Research Centre, The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Vision Sciences, Department of Optometry and Visual Science, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK
² School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
³ Anatomisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, Österbergstrasse 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Relative pupil area of an eye in Eledone cirrhosa (solid lines and symbols) and Sepia officinalis (broken lines and open symbols), following exposure to different intensities of white light.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Relative pupil area of individual eyes in three Eledone cirrhosa (solid lines and symbols) and five Sepia officinalis (broken lines and open symbols) exposed to different intensities of white light.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relative pupil area of individual eyes from two Sepia officinalis on cessation of exposure to white light of 40.6 µW cm-2 (solid line) and 7.4 µW cm-2 (dotted line), showing the variable off-response of this species.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relative pupil area for both eyes of a single Eledone cirrhosa and one Sepia officinalis, following stimulation of the right eye alone with 10 µW cm-2 white light. Data are averages of 6 and 7 responses for the octopus and cuttlefish, respectively. Error bars show 2 standard deviations.