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First published online September 16, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 3731-3737 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01796

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Prior classical olfactory conditioning improves odour-cued flight orientation of honey bees in a wind tunnel

Antoine Chaffiol^1,*, David Laloi² and Minh-Hà Pham-Delègue³

¹ Laboratoire de Physiologie Cérébrale, CNRS UMR 8118, 6 Rue des Saint-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
² Laboratoire Fonctionnement et Evolution des Systèmes Ecologiques, UMR 7625, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Box 237, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
³ Direction des Relations Internationales, CNRS, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris, France

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. General characteristics of the wind tunnel, with an example of a typical honey bee oriented flight.

View larger version (40K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Orientation of worker bees in the wind tunnel according to the odorous stimulation: nestmates' odour, linalool and no odour (control group). (A) Mean duration ± S.D. of the total flight and of the flight around the odour source. (B) Percentages of bees exhibiting orientated flights (upwind zigzag flight) and circling behaviour. Asterisks indicate significant differences: P<0.05; NS, not significant.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of a proboscis extension conditioning procedure on the orientation towards linalool. (A) Mean duration ±S.D. (seconds) of the total flight and of the flight around the odour source. (B) Percentages of bees exhibiting orientated flights (up-wind zig-zag flight) and circling behaviour. Asterisks indicate significant differences: *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; NS, not significant.