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First published online August 18, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 3367-3383 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01781

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Hind limb proportions and kinematics: are small primates different from other small mammals?

Manuela Schmidt

Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Erbertstrasse 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Motion analysis: (A) skeletal landmarks on the hind limb (illustrated on the brown lemur, Eulemur fulvus); (B) calculated joint and segment angles and (C) calculated excursion angles of the hind limb.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Hind limb segment angles during the support phase of the limb.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Hind limb joint angles during the support phase of the limb.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Log–log relationship between body mass and hind limb length in quadrupedal primates and other mammalian groups. Group-specific allometric relationships are estimated using the slope of the regression line (b), the surrounding 95% confidence intervals (C.I.) and the intersection with the y-axis (a). The correlation coefficient r is also given (bold style denotes significance, P<0.05).

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Hind limb intralimb proportions in quadrupedal primates and other mammals. Proportional relationships between the three segments are expressed as the relative percentages of each segment length to the sum of the lengths of the segments (= total hind limb length).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Comparison of hind limb postures at touchdown and lift-off among quadrupedal primates and other mammals. Body masses range from 100 g (mouse lemur and shrew-like opossum) to 20 kg (dog) and 23 kg (baboon). Stick figure drawing data were compiled from Muybridge (1957), Jenkins (1971), Jenkins and Camazine (1977), Goslow et al. (1980), Meldrum (1991), Kuhtz-Buschbeck et al. (1994), Schilling and Fischer (1999), Fischer et al. (2002) and Schmitt and Lemelin (2004).